{"id":141504,"date":"2023-10-05T13:53:19","date_gmt":"2023-10-05T08:23:19","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.oliveboard.in\/blog\/?p=141504"},"modified":"2023-10-05T13:53:19","modified_gmt":"2023-10-05T08:23:19","slug":"glacial-lake-outburst-flood-glof-in-sikkim-causes-devastation","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.oliveboard.in\/blog\/glacial-lake-outburst-flood-glof-in-sikkim-causes-devastation\/","title":{"rendered":"Glacial Lake Outburst Flood (GLOF) in Sikkim Causes Devastation"},"content":{"rendered":"<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_77 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-grey ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title\" style=\"cursor:inherit\">Table of content<\/p>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-title-toggle\"><a href=\"#\" class=\"ez-toc-pull-right ez-toc-btn ez-toc-btn-xs ez-toc-btn-default ez-toc-toggle\" aria-label=\"Toggle Table of Content\"><span class=\"ez-toc-js-icon-con\"><span class=\"\"><span class=\"eztoc-hide\" style=\"display:none;\">Toggle<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-icon-toggle-span\"><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"list-377408\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/path><\/svg><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" class=\"arrow-unsorted-368013\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"10px\" height=\"10px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.2\" baseProfile=\"tiny\"><path d=\"M18.2 9.3l-6.2-6.3-6.2 6.3c-.2.2-.3.4-.3.7s.1.5.3.7c.2.2.4.3.7.3h11c.3 0 .5-.1.7-.3.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7zM5.8 14.7l6.2 6.3 6.2-6.3c.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7c-.2-.2-.4-.3-.7-.3h-11c-.3 0-.5.1-.7.3-.2.2-.3.5-.3.7s.1.5.3.7z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 eztoc-toggle-hide-by-default' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/www.oliveboard.in\/blog\/glacial-lake-outburst-flood-glof-in-sikkim-causes-devastation\/#Sikkim_Flood\" >Sikkim Flood<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/www.oliveboard.in\/blog\/glacial-lake-outburst-flood-glof-in-sikkim-causes-devastation\/#More_About_the_News\" >More About the News<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/www.oliveboard.in\/blog\/glacial-lake-outburst-flood-glof-in-sikkim-causes-devastation\/#What_is_GLOF\" >What is GLOF?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/www.oliveboard.in\/blog\/glacial-lake-outburst-flood-glof-in-sikkim-causes-devastation\/#How_did_South_Lhonak_Lake_become_susceptible_to_GLOF\" >How did South Lhonak Lake become susceptible to GLOF?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/www.oliveboard.in\/blog\/glacial-lake-outburst-flood-glof-in-sikkim-causes-devastation\/#Earlier_Actions_Taken_by_the_Sikkim_Government\" >Earlier Actions Taken by the Sikkim Government<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Sikkim_Flood\"><\/span>Sikkim Flood<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>The situation in <a href=\"https:\/\/www.oliveboard.in\/blog\/indian-navy-flags-off-khamree-mo-sikkim-car-rally\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Sikkim<\/a> is deeply concerning. <strong>As of October 5th, Thursday morning, a tragic incident occurred where fourteen people have lost their lives, and 102 individuals are reported missing. Among the missing, at least 23 are Army personnel. This devastating event was triggered by the bursting of the South Lhonak Lake, a glacial lake located in the state&#8217;s northwest at an elevation of 17,000 feet.<\/strong> The lake&#8217;s rupture was a consequence of incessant rainfall, resulting in the release of water into downstream areas. It is a challenging time for the affected region, and efforts are underway to provide support and assistance to those affected by this natural disaster.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"More_About_the_News\"><\/span>More About the News<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>The overflow of the South Lhonak Lake in North Sikkim led to a significant increase in water levels in the Teesta River, resulting in flooding across several districts. The affected districts include Mangan, Gangtok, Pakyong, and Namchi. The Sikkim State Disaster Management Authority (SSDMA) reported that the lake outburst caused a surge in water levels with extremely high velocities, reaching approximately 15 meters per second. This surge exceeded the capacity of the Centre Water Commission (CWC) Melli site, measuring 227 meters, by approximately 3 meters above the danger level.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>It&#8217;s important to note that for several years, various studies have highlighted the <strong>rapid growth of South Lhonak Lake, primarily due to glacier melting, making it vulnerable to glacial lake outburst floods (GLOF)<\/strong>. This event underscores the critical importance of monitoring and managing glacial lakes in regions susceptible to such natural hazards.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"What_is_GLOF\"><\/span>What is GLOF?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Glacial lakes, such as South Lhonak Lake, are bodies of water that form in front of, on top of, or beneath melting glaciers.<\/strong> As these lakes expand, they become increasingly hazardous because they are typically dammed by unstable ice or sediment composed of loose rock and debris. If the boundary holding them in breaks, it can result in the sudden release of massive amounts of water rushing down the mountainside, leading to flooding in downstream areas. <strong>This natural phenomenon is known as a glacial lake outburst flood (GLOF).<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Several factors can trigger GLOFs, including earthquakes, extremely heavy rainfall, and ice avalanches.<\/strong> These lakes are commonly found in steep, mountainous regions, making them susceptible to landslides or ice avalanches that can directly impact the lakes. Such events can displace water, causing it to breach the natural dam and inundate downstream areas.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>A tragic example of this occurred in 2013 in Uttarakhand&#8217;s Kedarnath region when flash floods and a GLOF, caused by the Chorabari Tal glacial lake, resulted in the loss of thousands of lives.<\/strong> It serves as a stark reminder of the potential dangers associated with glacial lakes in mountainous regions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"How_did_South_Lhonak_Lake_become_susceptible_to_GLOF\"><\/span>How did South Lhonak Lake become susceptible to GLOF?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>The rapid melting of glaciers in the Sikkim Himalayas, driven by rising global temperatures, has led to the formation and expansion of numerous glacial lakes in the region. <strong>According to the Sikkim State Disaster Management Authority and a 2020 report by Mongabay, there are currently more than 300 glacial lakes in the Sikkim Himalayan region. Out of these, 10 have been identified as vulnerable to outburst floods, including the South Lhonak Lake.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1280\" height=\"720\" src=\"https:\/\/www.oliveboard.in\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/South-Lhonak-Lake-become-susceptible-to-GLOF.png\" alt=\"South Lhonak Lake become susceptible to GLOF\" class=\"wp-image-141518\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>South Lhonak Lake has been closely monitored by government authorities for years. A report from the Sikkim Forest and Environment Department noted a significant increase in the lake&#8217;s area over the past five decades. <strong>It highlighted that Lhonak Lake had grown nearly 1.5 times and South Lhonak nearly 2.5 times their initial size in 1989.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Furthermore, the report pointed out that seismic activity, such as earthquakes, near the parent glacier feeding South Lhonak Lake, as well as future earthquakes, could potentially trigger glacial lake outburst flood (GLOF) events. This underscores the ongoing risk associated with these glacial lakes and the need for proactive monitoring and risk mitigation measures in the face of climate change.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Earlier_Actions_Taken_by_the_Sikkim_Government\"><\/span>Earlier Actions Taken by the Sikkim Government<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>In 2016, in an effort to mitigate the risk associated with South Lhonak Lake, members of the Sikkim State Disaster Management Authority and Sikkim&#8217;s Department of Science and Technology and Climate Change, along with others, took steps to syphon off water from the lake.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Under the supervision of innovator Sonam Wangchuk, authorities installed three eight-inch wide and 130-140 meters long High-Density Polyethylene (HDPE) pipes in the lake to remove water. <\/strong>This syphoning process was carried out at a rate of 150 liters of water per second, as reported by the Sikkim SDMA. The aim of this initiative was to reduce the water volume in the lake and, consequently, the risk of a GLOF event. Such measures can help manage the potential hazards posed by glacial lakes in vulnerable regions.<\/p>\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-latest-posts__list is-grid columns-3 wp-block-latest-posts\"><li><div class=\"wp-block-latest-posts__featured-image\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.oliveboard.in\/blog\/monthly-current-affairs\/\" aria-label=\"Monthly Current Affairs 2026 PDF For SSC, Banking, and Railways\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"128\" height=\"84\" src=\"https:\/\/www.oliveboard.in\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/Monthly-Current-Affairs-2026-PDF.webp\" class=\"attachment-thumbnail size-thumbnail wp-post-image\" alt=\"Monthly Current Affairs 2026 PDF\" style=\"\" \/><\/a><\/div><a class=\"wp-block-latest-posts__post-title\" href=\"https:\/\/www.oliveboard.in\/blog\/monthly-current-affairs\/\">Monthly Current Affairs 2026 PDF For SSC, Banking, and Railways<\/a><\/li>\n<li><div class=\"wp-block-latest-posts__featured-image\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.oliveboard.in\/blog\/last-6-months-current-affairs-quiz\/\" aria-label=\"Last 6 Months&#8217; Current Affairs PDF &amp; Quiz: Nov 2025 to April 2026\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"128\" height=\"84\" src=\"https:\/\/www.oliveboard.in\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/Last-6-Months-Current-Affairs-LIVE-Quiz.webp\" class=\"attachment-thumbnail size-thumbnail wp-post-image\" alt=\"\" style=\"\" \/><\/a><\/div><a class=\"wp-block-latest-posts__post-title\" href=\"https:\/\/www.oliveboard.in\/blog\/last-6-months-current-affairs-quiz\/\">Last 6 Months&#8217; Current Affairs PDF &amp; Quiz: Nov 2025 to April 2026<\/a><\/li>\n<li><div class=\"wp-block-latest-posts__featured-image\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.oliveboard.in\/blog\/banking-financial-awareness-april-2026-quiz\/\" aria-label=\"Banking &amp; Financial Awareness April 2026 Quiz, FREE PDF\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"128\" height=\"84\" src=\"https:\/\/www.oliveboard.in\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/Banking-Financial-Awareness-April-2026-Quiz.webp\" class=\"attachment-thumbnail size-thumbnail wp-post-image\" alt=\"Banking &amp; Financial Awareness April 2026 Quiz\" style=\"\" \/><\/a><\/div><a class=\"wp-block-latest-posts__post-title\" href=\"https:\/\/www.oliveboard.in\/blog\/banking-financial-awareness-april-2026-quiz\/\">Banking &amp; Financial Awareness April 2026 Quiz, FREE PDF<\/a><\/li>\n<li><div class=\"wp-block-latest-posts__featured-image\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.oliveboard.in\/blog\/current-affairs-april-2026-quiz\/\" aria-label=\"Current Affairs April 2026 Quiz, Get Free PDF &amp; Attempt Live Quiz\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"128\" height=\"84\" src=\"https:\/\/www.oliveboard.in\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/Current-Affairs-April-2026-Quiz.png\" class=\"attachment-thumbnail size-thumbnail wp-post-image\" alt=\"Current Affairs April 2026 Quiz\" style=\"\" \/><\/a><\/div><a class=\"wp-block-latest-posts__post-title\" href=\"https:\/\/www.oliveboard.in\/blog\/current-affairs-april-2026-quiz\/\">Current Affairs April 2026 Quiz, Get Free PDF &amp; Attempt Live Quiz<\/a><\/li>\n<li><div class=\"wp-block-latest-posts__featured-image\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.oliveboard.in\/blog\/how-to-prepare-current-affairs-for-rbi-grade-b\/\" aria-label=\"How to Prepare Monthly Current Affairs for RBI Grade B?\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"128\" height=\"84\" src=\"https:\/\/www.oliveboard.in\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/RBI-Grade-B-3-1-1.webp\" class=\"attachment-thumbnail size-thumbnail wp-post-image\" alt=\"\" style=\"\" \/><\/a><\/div><a class=\"wp-block-latest-posts__post-title\" href=\"https:\/\/www.oliveboard.in\/blog\/how-to-prepare-current-affairs-for-rbi-grade-b\/\">How to Prepare Monthly Current Affairs for RBI Grade B?<\/a><\/li>\n<li><div class=\"wp-block-latest-posts__featured-image\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.oliveboard.in\/blog\/what-is-money-market\/\" aria-label=\"Money Market Quiz, Get FREE PDF: Part 2\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"128\" height=\"84\" src=\"https:\/\/www.oliveboard.in\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/Money-Market-Quiz-Part-2.webp\" class=\"attachment-thumbnail size-thumbnail wp-post-image\" alt=\"\" style=\"\" \/><\/a><\/div><a class=\"wp-block-latest-posts__post-title\" href=\"https:\/\/www.oliveboard.in\/blog\/what-is-money-market\/\">Money Market Quiz, Get FREE PDF: Part 2<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Sikkim Flood The situation in Sikkim is deeply concerning. As of October 5th, Thursday morning, a tragic incident occurred where<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":54,"featured_media":141506,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[10386,12676],"tags":[77],"class_list":["post-141504","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-current-affairs","category-october","tag-current-affairs","generate-columns","tablet-grid-50","mobile-grid-100","grid-parent","grid-50"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v26.6 (Yoast SEO v26.6) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Glacial Lake Outburst Flood (GLOF) in Sikkim Causes Devastation<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"The situation in Sikkim is deeply concerning. As of October 5th, Thursday morning, a tragic incident occurred where fourteen people have lost their lives, and 102 individuals are reported missing. Among the missing, at least 23 are Army personnel. This devastating event was triggered by the bursting of the South Lhonak Lake, a glacial lake located in the state&#039;s northwest at an elevation of 17,000 feet.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.oliveboard.in\/blog\/glacial-lake-outburst-flood-glof-in-sikkim-causes-devastation\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Glacial Lake Outburst Flood (GLOF) in Sikkim Causes Devastation\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Sikkim Flood The situation in Sikkim is deeply concerning. As of October 5th, Thursday morning, a tragic incident occurred where fourteen people have lost\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/www.oliveboard.in\/blog\/glacial-lake-outburst-flood-glof-in-sikkim-causes-devastation\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Oliveboard\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/Oliveboard\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2023-10-05T08:23:19+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/www.oliveboard.in\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/Glacial-Lake-Outburst-Flood-GLOF-in-Sikkim-Causes-Devastation.png\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1280\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"720\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/png\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Aditi\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@Oliveboard\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@Oliveboard\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Aditi\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"4 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"NewsArticle\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.oliveboard.in\/blog\/glacial-lake-outburst-flood-glof-in-sikkim-causes-devastation\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.oliveboard.in\/blog\/glacial-lake-outburst-flood-glof-in-sikkim-causes-devastation\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Aditi\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.oliveboard.in\/blog\/#\/schema\/person\/7c2fe6424b009725f49422da72b5cef7\"},\"headline\":\"Glacial Lake Outburst Flood (GLOF) in Sikkim Causes Devastation\",\"datePublished\":\"2023-10-05T08:23:19+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.oliveboard.in\/blog\/glacial-lake-outburst-flood-glof-in-sikkim-causes-devastation\/\"},\"wordCount\":780,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.oliveboard.in\/blog\/#organization\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.oliveboard.in\/blog\/glacial-lake-outburst-flood-glof-in-sikkim-causes-devastation\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\/\/www.oliveboard.in\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/Glacial-Lake-Outburst-Flood-GLOF-in-Sikkim-Causes-Devastation.png\",\"keywords\":[\"Current Affairs\"],\"articleSection\":[\"Current Affairs\",\"October\"],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.oliveboard.in\/blog\/glacial-lake-outburst-flood-glof-in-sikkim-causes-devastation\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.oliveboard.in\/blog\/glacial-lake-outburst-flood-glof-in-sikkim-causes-devastation\/\",\"name\":\"Glacial Lake Outburst Flood (GLOF) in Sikkim Causes Devastation\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.oliveboard.in\/blog\/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.oliveboard.in\/blog\/glacial-lake-outburst-flood-glof-in-sikkim-causes-devastation\/#primaryimage\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.oliveboard.in\/blog\/glacial-lake-outburst-flood-glof-in-sikkim-causes-devastation\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\/\/www.oliveboard.in\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/Glacial-Lake-Outburst-Flood-GLOF-in-Sikkim-Causes-Devastation.png\",\"datePublished\":\"2023-10-05T08:23:19+00:00\",\"description\":\"The situation in Sikkim is deeply concerning. As of October 5th, Thursday morning, a tragic incident occurred where fourteen people have lost their lives, and 102 individuals are reported missing. Among the missing, at least 23 are Army personnel. 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