{"id":199901,"date":"2024-10-24T15:49:29","date_gmt":"2024-10-24T10:19:29","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.oliveboard.in\/blog\/?p=199901"},"modified":"2024-10-24T15:49:30","modified_gmt":"2024-10-24T10:19:30","slug":"origin-and-extent-of-indus-civilization","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.oliveboard.in\/blog\/origin-and-extent-of-indus-civilization\/","title":{"rendered":"Origin, Extent of Indus Civilization of Ancient India, History Notes"},"content":{"rendered":"<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_77 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-grey ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title\" style=\"cursor:inherit\">Table of content<\/p>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-title-toggle\"><a href=\"#\" class=\"ez-toc-pull-right ez-toc-btn ez-toc-btn-xs ez-toc-btn-default ez-toc-toggle\" aria-label=\"Toggle Table of Content\"><span class=\"ez-toc-js-icon-con\"><span class=\"\"><span class=\"eztoc-hide\" style=\"display:none;\">Toggle<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-icon-toggle-span\"><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"list-377408\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/path><\/svg><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" class=\"arrow-unsorted-368013\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"10px\" height=\"10px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.2\" baseProfile=\"tiny\"><path d=\"M18.2 9.3l-6.2-6.3-6.2 6.3c-.2.2-.3.4-.3.7s.1.5.3.7c.2.2.4.3.7.3h11c.3 0 .5-.1.7-.3.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7zM5.8 14.7l6.2 6.3 6.2-6.3c.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7c-.2-.2-.4-.3-.7-.3h-11c-.3 0-.5.1-.7.3-.2.2-.3.5-.3.7s.1.5.3.7z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 eztoc-toggle-hide-by-default' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/www.oliveboard.in\/blog\/origin-and-extent-of-indus-civilization\/#Origin_of_the_Indus_Civilization\" >Origin of the Indus Civilization<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/www.oliveboard.in\/blog\/origin-and-extent-of-indus-civilization\/#Extent_of_the_Indus_Civilization\" >Extent of the Indus Civilization<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/www.oliveboard.in\/blog\/origin-and-extent-of-indus-civilization\/#Urban_Planning_and_Architecture\" >Urban Planning and Architecture<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/www.oliveboard.in\/blog\/origin-and-extent-of-indus-civilization\/#Economy_of_the_Indus_Civilization\" >Economy of the Indus Civilization<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/www.oliveboard.in\/blog\/origin-and-extent-of-indus-civilization\/#Decline_of_the_Indus_Civilization\" >Decline of the Indus Civilization<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6\" href=\"https:\/\/www.oliveboard.in\/blog\/origin-and-extent-of-indus-civilization\/#Conclusion\" >Conclusion<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-7\" href=\"https:\/\/www.oliveboard.in\/blog\/origin-and-extent-of-indus-civilization\/#Origin_and_Extent_of_Indus_Civilization_%E2%80%93_FAQs\" >Origin and Extent of Indus Civilization &#8211; FAQs<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n\n<p>The Indus Civilization, also known as the Harappan Civilization, was one of the worlds earliest urban cultures, flourishing from approximately 2500 BCE to 1900 BCE. Its sophisticated cities, advanced technologies, and impressive societal organization make it a significant subject of study in ancient history. This article explores the origin and extent of the Indus Civilization, shedding light on its beginnings and geographical span.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Origin_of_the_Indus_Civilization\"><\/span>Origin of the Indus Civilization<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>The origin of the Indus Civilization can be traced back to early agrarian communities that settled along the banks of the Indus River and its tributaries. These communities gradually evolved into a complex urban society over several centuries. By around 3300 BCE, the earliest known pre-Harappan settlements began to emerge, such as Mehrgarh, located in present-day Pakistan. This Neolithic site is considered one of the starting points of the civilization, marking the transition from small farming villages to larger urban centers.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Key Factors Behind the Civilization&#8217;s Growth<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Several factors contributed to the development of the <strong>Indus Civilization<\/strong>:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>Fertile Land:<\/strong> The Indus River Valley provided rich soil due to its annual flooding, which supported agriculture.<\/li><li><strong>Water Resources:<\/strong> Proximity to rivers allowed easy access to fresh water for farming and daily life.<\/li><li><strong>Trade Networks:<\/strong> The civilization&#8217;s location facilitated trade with Mesopotamia, Persia, and other nearby regions.<\/li><li><strong>Technological Innovations:<\/strong> Advances in agriculture, pottery, and metallurgy played crucial roles in economic growth and urbanization.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Extent_of_the_Indus_Civilization\"><\/span>Extent of the Indus Civilization<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>The extent of the Indus Civilization was vast, covering an area of about 1.25 million square kilometers. It stretched across modern-day <strong>Pakistan, northwestern India<\/strong>, and parts of <strong>Afghanistan<\/strong> and <strong>Iran<\/strong>. The civilization consisted of numerous cities, towns, and villages, with some of the most prominent urban centers being <strong>Harappa<\/strong>, <strong>Mohenjo-Daro<\/strong>, <strong>Dholavira<\/strong>, <strong>Lothal<\/strong>, and <strong>Rakhigarhi<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Major Sites of the Indus Civilization<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>The major sites of the Indus Civilization include Harappa, Mohenjo-Daro, Dholavira, and Lothal. These ancient cities were known for their advanced urban planning, trade, and architecture.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table><tbody><tr><td><strong>Site<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>Location<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>Significance<\/strong><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>Harappa<\/strong><\/td><td>Punjab, Pakistan<\/td><td>One of the first discovered Indus cities, known for its planned streets and granaries.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>Mohenjo-Daro<\/strong><\/td><td>Sindh, Pakistan<\/td><td>The largest city of the civilization, famous for the Great Bath and advanced drainage systems.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>Dholavira<\/strong><\/td><td>Gujarat, India<\/td><td>Noted for its unique water conservation system and urban layout.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>Lothal<\/strong><\/td><td>Gujarat, India<\/td><td>A major port city that facilitated trade with distant regions like Mesopotamia.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>Rakhigarhi<\/strong><\/td><td>Haryana, India<\/td><td>One of the largest Indus settlements, offering insights into the civilization\u2019s rural life.<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Geographic Spread<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>The Indus Civilization extended from the foothills of the Himalayas in the north to the Arabian Sea in the south. To the east, it reached the Yamuna and Ganges river valleys, while to the west, it stretched into Balochistan. The civilization&#8217;s geographical expanse included diverse landscapes, from the fertile plains of the Indus to arid regions and coastal areas.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Urban_Planning_and_Architecture\"><\/span>Urban Planning and Architecture<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>The <strong>urban planning<\/strong> of the Indus cities was highly advanced for its time. The cities were organized into a grid-like pattern, with wide streets, well-constructed buildings, and an efficient drainage system. Some key architectural features include:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>Granaries<\/strong>: Centralized storage facilities for surplus grain.<\/li><li><strong>Great Bath<\/strong>: Found in Mohenjo-Daro, it is believed to have been used for religious or ceremonial purposes.<\/li><li><strong>Drainage Systems<\/strong>: Underground drains connected to each house, indicating a focus on hygiene and sanitation.<\/li><li><strong>Public Buildings<\/strong>: Large halls and assembly areas for administrative and civic functions.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Social Organization<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>The <strong>Indus Civilization<\/strong> appears to have had a highly structured social hierarchy. Archaeological evidence suggests the existence of different classes, with the elite living in larger, more elaborate homes and the common people residing in simpler dwellings. Despite this, there is no concrete evidence of grand palaces or temples, which hints at a society that may have placed less emphasis on centralized authority or monumental architecture.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Economy_of_the_Indus_Civilization\"><\/span>Economy of the Indus Civilization<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>The <strong>economy<\/strong> of the Indus Civilization was primarily based on <strong>agriculture<\/strong>, <strong>trade<\/strong>, and <strong>craft production<\/strong>. Key agricultural products included <strong>wheat<\/strong>, <strong>barley<\/strong>, <strong>peas<\/strong>, and <strong>cotton<\/strong>, with cotton textiles being one of the civilization&#8217;s major exports.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Trade Networks<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>The Indus people engaged in long-distance trade with other ancient civilizations, such as <strong>Mesopotamia<\/strong> and <strong>Persia<\/strong>. Items like <strong>beads<\/strong>, <strong>pottery<\/strong>, and <strong>metal objects<\/strong> were traded, often transported via river routes or by sea. <strong>Lothal<\/strong>, with its dockyard, played a crucial role in facilitating maritime trade.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Craft Specialization<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Craftsmanship in the Indus Civilization was highly developed, particularly in the fields of:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>Pottery<\/strong>: Intricately designed and often mass-produced for domestic and ceremonial use.<\/li><li><strong>Jewelry<\/strong>: Made from gold, silver, and semi-precious stones, these items were popular trade goods.<\/li><li><strong>Metallurgy<\/strong>: The civilization was skilled in working with copper, bronze, lead, and tin.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Decline_of_the_Indus_Civilization\"><\/span>Decline of the Indus Civilization<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Despite its impressive achievements, the Indus Civilization began to decline around 1900 BCE. Several theories have been proposed to explain this:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>Climate Change<\/strong>: Shifts in the monsoon patterns and the drying up of the <strong>Saraswati River<\/strong> may have led to agricultural decline.<\/li><li><strong>Invasion Theories<\/strong>: Some historians suggest that invasions by <strong>Aryan<\/strong> tribes may have contributed to the civilization&#8217;s fall.<\/li><li><strong>Ecological Factors<\/strong>: Overuse of natural resources, including deforestation and soil degradation, could have led to economic collapse.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>By 1300 BCE, most of the major cities of the Indus Civilization had been abandoned, marking the end of one of the world&#8217;s first urban cultures.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Conclusion\"><\/span>Conclusion<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>The origin and extent of the Indus Civilization represent a remarkable chapter in human history. From its humble beginnings along the Indus River to its vast urban sprawl across South Asia, the Indus people demonstrated unparalleled ingenuity in urban planning, trade, and craftsmanship. Although the civilization eventually declined, its legacy continues to be a source of fascination and scholarly inquiry.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Origin_and_Extent_of_Indus_Civilization_%E2%80%93_FAQs\"><\/span>Origin and Extent of Indus Civilization &#8211; FAQs<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"schema-faq wp-block-yoast-faq-block\"><div class=\"schema-faq-section\" id=\"faq-question-1729763104100\"><strong class=\"schema-faq-question\">Q1. <strong>Where did the Indus Civilization originate?<\/strong><\/strong> <p class=\"schema-faq-answer\">Ans. The Indus Civilization originated along the Indus River and its tributaries, primarily in present-day Pakistan.<\/p> <\/div> <div class=\"schema-faq-section\" id=\"faq-question-1729763173573\"><strong class=\"schema-faq-question\">Q2. <strong>How large was the Indus Civilization?<\/strong><\/strong> <p class=\"schema-faq-answer\">Ans. The Indus Civilization spanned over 1.25 million square kilometers, covering parts of modern-day Pakistan, India, Afghanistan, and Iran.<\/p> <\/div> <div class=\"schema-faq-section\" id=\"faq-question-1729763183710\"><strong class=\"schema-faq-question\">Q3. <strong>What were the key cities of the Indus Civilization?<\/strong><\/strong> <p class=\"schema-faq-answer\">Ans. Major cities include Harappa, Mohenjo-Daro, Dholavira, Lothal, and Rakhigarhi.<\/p> <\/div> <div class=\"schema-faq-section\" id=\"faq-question-1729763195685\"><strong class=\"schema-faq-question\">Q4. <strong>Why did the Indus Civilization decline?<\/strong><\/strong> <p class=\"schema-faq-answer\">Ans. Possible reasons include climate change, invasions, and ecological degradation.<\/p> <\/div> <div class=\"schema-faq-section\" id=\"faq-question-1729763206777\"><strong class=\"schema-faq-question\">Q5. <strong>What was the economy of the Indus Civilization based on?<\/strong><\/strong> <p class=\"schema-faq-answer\">Ans. The economy was based on agriculture, trade, and craft production.<\/p> <\/div> <\/div>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-latest-posts__list is-grid columns-3 wp-block-latest-posts\"><li><div class=\"wp-block-latest-posts__featured-image\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"128\" height=\"84\" src=\"https:\/\/www.oliveboard.in\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/ancient-history-of-india.png\" class=\"attachment-thumbnail size-thumbnail wp-post-image\" alt=\"ancient-history-of-india\" style=\"\" \/><\/div><a class=\"wp-block-latest-posts__post-title\" href=\"https:\/\/www.oliveboard.in\/blog\/ancient-india\/\">Ancient History of India &#8211; UGC NET History Notes<\/a><\/li>\n<li><div class=\"wp-block-latest-posts__featured-image\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"128\" height=\"84\" src=\"https:\/\/www.oliveboard.in\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/regional-powers-early-medieval-India-.png\" class=\"attachment-thumbnail size-thumbnail wp-post-image\" alt=\"regional-powers-early-medieval-India-\" style=\"\" \/><\/div><a class=\"wp-block-latest-posts__post-title\" href=\"https:\/\/www.oliveboard.in\/blog\/regional-powers-in-early-medieval-india\/\">Emergence of Regional Powers in Early Medieval India- UGC NET History Notes<\/a><\/li>\n<li><div class=\"wp-block-latest-posts__featured-image\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"128\" height=\"84\" src=\"https:\/\/www.oliveboard.in\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/heterodox-sects.png\" class=\"attachment-thumbnail size-thumbnail wp-post-image\" alt=\"heterodox-sects\" style=\"\" \/><\/div><a class=\"wp-block-latest-posts__post-title\" href=\"https:\/\/www.oliveboard.in\/blog\/heterodox-sects\/\">Emergence of Heterodox Sects &#8211; UGC NET History Notes<\/a><\/li>\n<li><div class=\"wp-block-latest-posts__featured-image\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"128\" height=\"84\" src=\"https:\/\/www.oliveboard.in\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/ugc-net-history-pyqs.png\" class=\"attachment-thumbnail size-thumbnail wp-post-image\" alt=\"ugc-net-history-pyqs\" style=\"\" \/><\/div><a class=\"wp-block-latest-posts__post-title\" href=\"https:\/\/www.oliveboard.in\/blog\/ugc-net-history-previous-year-question-paper\/\">UGC NET History Previous Year Question Paper, PDF Download<\/a><\/li>\n<li><div class=\"wp-block-latest-posts__featured-image\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"128\" height=\"84\" src=\"https:\/\/www.oliveboard.in\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/sangam-literature.png\" class=\"attachment-thumbnail size-thumbnail wp-post-image\" alt=\"sangam-literature\" style=\"\" \/><\/div><a class=\"wp-block-latest-posts__post-title\" href=\"https:\/\/www.oliveboard.in\/blog\/sangam-literature\/\">Sangam Literature &#8211; UGC NET History Notes<\/a><\/li>\n<li><div class=\"wp-block-latest-posts__featured-image\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"128\" height=\"84\" src=\"https:\/\/www.oliveboard.in\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/mauryan-art-architecture.png\" class=\"attachment-thumbnail size-thumbnail wp-post-image\" alt=\"mauryan-art-architecture\" style=\"\" \/><\/div><a class=\"wp-block-latest-posts__post-title\" href=\"https:\/\/www.oliveboard.in\/blog\/mauryan-art-and-architecture\/\">Mauryan Art and Architecture &#8211; UGC NET History Notes<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>The Indus Civilization, also known as the Harappan Civilization, was one of the worlds earliest urban cultures, flourishing from approximately<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":50,"featured_media":199910,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[16284],"tags":[5943,16354,16355,11645],"class_list":["post-199901","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-ugc-net-history-study-material","tag-history-notes","tag-origin-extent-of-indus-civilization","tag-origin-extent-of-indus-civilization-of-ancient-india","tag-ugc-net","generate-columns","tablet-grid-50","mobile-grid-100","grid-parent","grid-50"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v26.6 (Yoast SEO v26.6) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Origin, Extent of Indus Civilization of Ancient India, History Notes<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Discover the origin &amp; extent of the Indus Civilization, one of the earliest urban cultures, covering modern-day Pakistan, India, and beyond.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.oliveboard.in\/blog\/origin-and-extent-of-indus-civilization\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Origin, Extent of Indus Civilization of Ancient India, History Notes\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"The Indus Civilization, also known as the Harappan Civilization, was one of the worlds earliest urban cultures, flourishing from approximately 2500 BCE to\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/www.oliveboard.in\/blog\/origin-and-extent-of-indus-civilization\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Oliveboard\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/Oliveboard\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2024-10-24T10:19:29+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2024-10-24T10:19:30+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/www.oliveboard.in\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/Origin-Extent-of-Indus-Civilization-of-Ancient-India.webp\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"730\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"480\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/webp\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Saloni Singhal\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@Oliveboard\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@Oliveboard\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Saloni Singhal\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"5 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"NewsArticle\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.oliveboard.in\/blog\/origin-and-extent-of-indus-civilization\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.oliveboard.in\/blog\/origin-and-extent-of-indus-civilization\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Saloni Singhal\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.oliveboard.in\/blog\/#\/schema\/person\/6aedd7baaab0f33dc2f40834a257f88c\"},\"headline\":\"Origin, Extent of Indus Civilization of Ancient India, History Notes\",\"datePublished\":\"2024-10-24T10:19:29+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2024-10-24T10:19:30+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.oliveboard.in\/blog\/origin-and-extent-of-indus-civilization\/\"},\"wordCount\":1054,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.oliveboard.in\/blog\/#organization\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.oliveboard.in\/blog\/origin-and-extent-of-indus-civilization\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\/\/www.oliveboard.in\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/Origin-Extent-of-Indus-Civilization-of-Ancient-India.webp\",\"keywords\":[\"History Notes\",\"Origin &amp; Extent of Indus Civilization\",\"Origin &amp; Extent of Indus Civilization of Ancient India\",\"UGC NET\"],\"articleSection\":[\"UGC NET History Study Material\"],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"},{\"@type\":[\"WebPage\",\"FAQPage\"],\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.oliveboard.in\/blog\/origin-and-extent-of-indus-civilization\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.oliveboard.in\/blog\/origin-and-extent-of-indus-civilization\/\",\"name\":\"Origin, Extent of Indus Civilization of Ancient India, History Notes\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.oliveboard.in\/blog\/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.oliveboard.in\/blog\/origin-and-extent-of-indus-civilization\/#primaryimage\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.oliveboard.in\/blog\/origin-and-extent-of-indus-civilization\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\/\/www.oliveboard.in\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/Origin-Extent-of-Indus-Civilization-of-Ancient-India.webp\",\"datePublished\":\"2024-10-24T10:19:29+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2024-10-24T10:19:30+00:00\",\"description\":\"Discover the origin & extent of the Indus Civilization, one of the earliest urban cultures, covering modern-day Pakistan, India, and beyond.\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.oliveboard.in\/blog\/origin-and-extent-of-indus-civilization\/#breadcrumb\"},\"mainEntity\":[{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.oliveboard.in\/blog\/origin-and-extent-of-indus-civilization\/#faq-question-1729763104100\"},{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.oliveboard.in\/blog\/origin-and-extent-of-indus-civilization\/#faq-question-1729763173573\"},{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.oliveboard.in\/blog\/origin-and-extent-of-indus-civilization\/#faq-question-1729763183710\"},{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.oliveboard.in\/blog\/origin-and-extent-of-indus-civilization\/#faq-question-1729763195685\"},{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.oliveboard.in\/blog\/origin-and-extent-of-indus-civilization\/#faq-question-1729763206777\"}],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\/\/www.oliveboard.in\/blog\/origin-and-extent-of-indus-civilization\/\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.oliveboard.in\/blog\/origin-and-extent-of-indus-civilization\/#primaryimage\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.oliveboard.in\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/Origin-Extent-of-Indus-Civilization-of-Ancient-India.webp\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\/\/www.oliveboard.in\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/Origin-Extent-of-Indus-Civilization-of-Ancient-India.webp\",\"width\":730,\"height\":480,\"caption\":\"Origin-Extent-of-Indus-Civilization-of-Ancient-India\"},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.oliveboard.in\/blog\/origin-and-extent-of-indus-civilization\/#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Home\",\"item\":\"https:\/\/www.oliveboard.in\/blog\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"UGC NET\",\"item\":\"https:\/\/www.oliveboard.in\/blog\/category\/ugc-net\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":3,\"name\":\"UGC NET History Study Material\",\"item\":\"https:\/\/www.oliveboard.in\/blog\/category\/ugc-net\/ugc-net-history-study-material\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":4,\"name\":\"Origin, Extent of Indus Civilization of Ancient India, History Notes\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.oliveboard.in\/blog\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.oliveboard.in\/blog\/\",\"name\":\"Oliveboard\",\"description\":\"Free Govt. Exam Alerts &amp; Resources\",\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.oliveboard.in\/blog\/#organization\"},\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\/\/www.oliveboard.in\/blog\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":{\"@type\":\"PropertyValueSpecification\",\"valueRequired\":true,\"valueName\":\"search_term_string\"}}],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"},{\"@type\":\"Organization\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.oliveboard.in\/blog\/#organization\",\"name\":\"Oliveboard\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.oliveboard.in\/blog\/\",\"logo\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.oliveboard.in\/blog\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.oliveboard.in\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/logo.png\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\/\/www.oliveboard.in\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/logo.png\",\"width\":150,\"height\":40,\"caption\":\"Oliveboard\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.oliveboard.in\/blog\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/\"},\"sameAs\":[\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/Oliveboard\",\"https:\/\/x.com\/Oliveboard\",\"https:\/\/www.instagram.com\/oliveboard.in\/\",\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/channel\/UCRvrHAyNdOMI_JBkE2pjZtw?sub_confirmation=1\"]},{\"@type\":\"Person\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.oliveboard.in\/blog\/#\/schema\/person\/6aedd7baaab0f33dc2f40834a257f88c\",\"name\":\"Saloni Singhal\",\"image\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.oliveboard.in\/blog\/#\/schema\/person\/image\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/f8e45ca2a8735ececd655303f3a85afa321fcdddba928755147c8130ee19b5aa?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/f8e45ca2a8735ececd655303f3a85afa321fcdddba928755147c8130ee19b5aa?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"caption\":\"Saloni Singhal\"},\"description\":\"Hello there! I'm a dedicated Government Job aspirant turned passionate writer &amp; content marketer. My blogs are a one-stop destination for accurate and comprehensive information on exam categories like Regulatory Bodies, Banking, SSC, State PSCs, and more. I am on a mission to provide you with all the details you need, conveniently in one place. When I am not writing and marketing, you will find me happily experimenting in the kitchen, cooking up delightful treats. Join me on this journey of knowledge and flavors!\"},{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.oliveboard.in\/blog\/origin-and-extent-of-indus-civilization\/#faq-question-1729763104100\",\"position\":1,\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.oliveboard.in\/blog\/origin-and-extent-of-indus-civilization\/#faq-question-1729763104100\",\"name\":\"Q1. Where did the Indus Civilization originate?\",\"answerCount\":1,\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"Ans. The Indus Civilization originated along the Indus River and its tributaries, primarily in present-day Pakistan.\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"},\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"},{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.oliveboard.in\/blog\/origin-and-extent-of-indus-civilization\/#faq-question-1729763173573\",\"position\":2,\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.oliveboard.in\/blog\/origin-and-extent-of-indus-civilization\/#faq-question-1729763173573\",\"name\":\"Q2. How large was the Indus Civilization?\",\"answerCount\":1,\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"Ans. The Indus Civilization spanned over 1.25 million square kilometers, covering parts of modern-day Pakistan, India, Afghanistan, and Iran.\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"},\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"},{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.oliveboard.in\/blog\/origin-and-extent-of-indus-civilization\/#faq-question-1729763183710\",\"position\":3,\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.oliveboard.in\/blog\/origin-and-extent-of-indus-civilization\/#faq-question-1729763183710\",\"name\":\"Q3. What were the key cities of the Indus Civilization?\",\"answerCount\":1,\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"Ans. Major cities include Harappa, Mohenjo-Daro, Dholavira, Lothal, and Rakhigarhi.\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"},\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"},{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.oliveboard.in\/blog\/origin-and-extent-of-indus-civilization\/#faq-question-1729763195685\",\"position\":4,\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.oliveboard.in\/blog\/origin-and-extent-of-indus-civilization\/#faq-question-1729763195685\",\"name\":\"Q4. Why did the Indus Civilization decline?\",\"answerCount\":1,\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"Ans. Possible reasons include climate change, invasions, and ecological degradation.\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"},\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"},{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.oliveboard.in\/blog\/origin-and-extent-of-indus-civilization\/#faq-question-1729763206777\",\"position\":5,\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.oliveboard.in\/blog\/origin-and-extent-of-indus-civilization\/#faq-question-1729763206777\",\"name\":\"Q5. What was the economy of the Indus Civilization based on?\",\"answerCount\":1,\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"Ans. The economy was based on agriculture, trade, and craft production.\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"},\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO Premium plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"Origin, Extent of Indus Civilization of Ancient India, History Notes","description":"Discover the origin & extent of the Indus Civilization, one of the earliest urban cultures, covering modern-day Pakistan, India, and beyond.","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/www.oliveboard.in\/blog\/origin-and-extent-of-indus-civilization\/","og_locale":"en_US","og_type":"article","og_title":"Origin, Extent of Indus Civilization of Ancient India, History Notes","og_description":"The Indus Civilization, also known as the Harappan Civilization, was one of the worlds earliest urban cultures, flourishing from approximately 2500 BCE to","og_url":"https:\/\/www.oliveboard.in\/blog\/origin-and-extent-of-indus-civilization\/","og_site_name":"Oliveboard","article_publisher":"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/Oliveboard","article_published_time":"2024-10-24T10:19:29+00:00","article_modified_time":"2024-10-24T10:19:30+00:00","og_image":[{"width":730,"height":480,"url":"https:\/\/www.oliveboard.in\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/Origin-Extent-of-Indus-Civilization-of-Ancient-India.webp","type":"image\/webp"}],"author":"Saloni Singhal","twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_creator":"@Oliveboard","twitter_site":"@Oliveboard","twitter_misc":{"Written by":"Saloni Singhal","Est. reading time":"5 minutes"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"NewsArticle","@id":"https:\/\/www.oliveboard.in\/blog\/origin-and-extent-of-indus-civilization\/#article","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.oliveboard.in\/blog\/origin-and-extent-of-indus-civilization\/"},"author":{"name":"Saloni Singhal","@id":"https:\/\/www.oliveboard.in\/blog\/#\/schema\/person\/6aedd7baaab0f33dc2f40834a257f88c"},"headline":"Origin, Extent of Indus Civilization of Ancient India, History Notes","datePublished":"2024-10-24T10:19:29+00:00","dateModified":"2024-10-24T10:19:30+00:00","mainEntityOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.oliveboard.in\/blog\/origin-and-extent-of-indus-civilization\/"},"wordCount":1054,"publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.oliveboard.in\/blog\/#organization"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.oliveboard.in\/blog\/origin-and-extent-of-indus-civilization\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/www.oliveboard.in\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/Origin-Extent-of-Indus-Civilization-of-Ancient-India.webp","keywords":["History Notes","Origin &amp; Extent of Indus Civilization","Origin &amp; Extent of Indus Civilization of Ancient India","UGC NET"],"articleSection":["UGC NET History Study Material"],"inLanguage":"en-US"},{"@type":["WebPage","FAQPage"],"@id":"https:\/\/www.oliveboard.in\/blog\/origin-and-extent-of-indus-civilization\/","url":"https:\/\/www.oliveboard.in\/blog\/origin-and-extent-of-indus-civilization\/","name":"Origin, Extent of Indus Civilization of Ancient India, History Notes","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.oliveboard.in\/blog\/#website"},"primaryImageOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.oliveboard.in\/blog\/origin-and-extent-of-indus-civilization\/#primaryimage"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.oliveboard.in\/blog\/origin-and-extent-of-indus-civilization\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/www.oliveboard.in\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/Origin-Extent-of-Indus-Civilization-of-Ancient-India.webp","datePublished":"2024-10-24T10:19:29+00:00","dateModified":"2024-10-24T10:19:30+00:00","description":"Discover the origin & extent of the Indus Civilization, one of the earliest urban cultures, covering modern-day Pakistan, India, and beyond.","breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.oliveboard.in\/blog\/origin-and-extent-of-indus-civilization\/#breadcrumb"},"mainEntity":[{"@id":"https:\/\/www.oliveboard.in\/blog\/origin-and-extent-of-indus-civilization\/#faq-question-1729763104100"},{"@id":"https:\/\/www.oliveboard.in\/blog\/origin-and-extent-of-indus-civilization\/#faq-question-1729763173573"},{"@id":"https:\/\/www.oliveboard.in\/blog\/origin-and-extent-of-indus-civilization\/#faq-question-1729763183710"},{"@id":"https:\/\/www.oliveboard.in\/blog\/origin-and-extent-of-indus-civilization\/#faq-question-1729763195685"},{"@id":"https:\/\/www.oliveboard.in\/blog\/origin-and-extent-of-indus-civilization\/#faq-question-1729763206777"}],"inLanguage":"en-US","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/www.oliveboard.in\/blog\/origin-and-extent-of-indus-civilization\/"]}]},{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/www.oliveboard.in\/blog\/origin-and-extent-of-indus-civilization\/#primaryimage","url":"https:\/\/www.oliveboard.in\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/Origin-Extent-of-Indus-Civilization-of-Ancient-India.webp","contentUrl":"https:\/\/www.oliveboard.in\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/Origin-Extent-of-Indus-Civilization-of-Ancient-India.webp","width":730,"height":480,"caption":"Origin-Extent-of-Indus-Civilization-of-Ancient-India"},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/www.oliveboard.in\/blog\/origin-and-extent-of-indus-civilization\/#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Home","item":"https:\/\/www.oliveboard.in\/blog\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"UGC NET","item":"https:\/\/www.oliveboard.in\/blog\/category\/ugc-net\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":3,"name":"UGC NET History Study Material","item":"https:\/\/www.oliveboard.in\/blog\/category\/ugc-net\/ugc-net-history-study-material\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":4,"name":"Origin, Extent of Indus Civilization of Ancient India, History Notes"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/www.oliveboard.in\/blog\/#website","url":"https:\/\/www.oliveboard.in\/blog\/","name":"Oliveboard","description":"Free Govt. Exam Alerts &amp; Resources","publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.oliveboard.in\/blog\/#organization"},"potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/www.oliveboard.in\/blog\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":{"@type":"PropertyValueSpecification","valueRequired":true,"valueName":"search_term_string"}}],"inLanguage":"en-US"},{"@type":"Organization","@id":"https:\/\/www.oliveboard.in\/blog\/#organization","name":"Oliveboard","url":"https:\/\/www.oliveboard.in\/blog\/","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/www.oliveboard.in\/blog\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/","url":"https:\/\/www.oliveboard.in\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/logo.png","contentUrl":"https:\/\/www.oliveboard.in\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/logo.png","width":150,"height":40,"caption":"Oliveboard"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.oliveboard.in\/blog\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/"},"sameAs":["https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/Oliveboard","https:\/\/x.com\/Oliveboard","https:\/\/www.instagram.com\/oliveboard.in\/","https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/channel\/UCRvrHAyNdOMI_JBkE2pjZtw?sub_confirmation=1"]},{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/www.oliveboard.in\/blog\/#\/schema\/person\/6aedd7baaab0f33dc2f40834a257f88c","name":"Saloni Singhal","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/www.oliveboard.in\/blog\/#\/schema\/person\/image\/","url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/f8e45ca2a8735ececd655303f3a85afa321fcdddba928755147c8130ee19b5aa?s=96&d=mm&r=g","contentUrl":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/f8e45ca2a8735ececd655303f3a85afa321fcdddba928755147c8130ee19b5aa?s=96&d=mm&r=g","caption":"Saloni Singhal"},"description":"Hello there! I'm a dedicated Government Job aspirant turned passionate writer &amp; content marketer. My blogs are a one-stop destination for accurate and comprehensive information on exam categories like Regulatory Bodies, Banking, SSC, State PSCs, and more. I am on a mission to provide you with all the details you need, conveniently in one place. When I am not writing and marketing, you will find me happily experimenting in the kitchen, cooking up delightful treats. Join me on this journey of knowledge and flavors!"},{"@type":"Question","@id":"https:\/\/www.oliveboard.in\/blog\/origin-and-extent-of-indus-civilization\/#faq-question-1729763104100","position":1,"url":"https:\/\/www.oliveboard.in\/blog\/origin-and-extent-of-indus-civilization\/#faq-question-1729763104100","name":"Q1. Where did the Indus Civilization originate?","answerCount":1,"acceptedAnswer":{"@type":"Answer","text":"Ans. The Indus Civilization originated along the Indus River and its tributaries, primarily in present-day Pakistan.","inLanguage":"en-US"},"inLanguage":"en-US"},{"@type":"Question","@id":"https:\/\/www.oliveboard.in\/blog\/origin-and-extent-of-indus-civilization\/#faq-question-1729763173573","position":2,"url":"https:\/\/www.oliveboard.in\/blog\/origin-and-extent-of-indus-civilization\/#faq-question-1729763173573","name":"Q2. How large was the Indus Civilization?","answerCount":1,"acceptedAnswer":{"@type":"Answer","text":"Ans. The Indus Civilization spanned over 1.25 million square kilometers, covering parts of modern-day Pakistan, India, Afghanistan, and Iran.","inLanguage":"en-US"},"inLanguage":"en-US"},{"@type":"Question","@id":"https:\/\/www.oliveboard.in\/blog\/origin-and-extent-of-indus-civilization\/#faq-question-1729763183710","position":3,"url":"https:\/\/www.oliveboard.in\/blog\/origin-and-extent-of-indus-civilization\/#faq-question-1729763183710","name":"Q3. What were the key cities of the Indus Civilization?","answerCount":1,"acceptedAnswer":{"@type":"Answer","text":"Ans. Major cities include Harappa, Mohenjo-Daro, Dholavira, Lothal, and Rakhigarhi.","inLanguage":"en-US"},"inLanguage":"en-US"},{"@type":"Question","@id":"https:\/\/www.oliveboard.in\/blog\/origin-and-extent-of-indus-civilization\/#faq-question-1729763195685","position":4,"url":"https:\/\/www.oliveboard.in\/blog\/origin-and-extent-of-indus-civilization\/#faq-question-1729763195685","name":"Q4. Why did the Indus Civilization decline?","answerCount":1,"acceptedAnswer":{"@type":"Answer","text":"Ans. Possible reasons include climate change, invasions, and ecological degradation.","inLanguage":"en-US"},"inLanguage":"en-US"},{"@type":"Question","@id":"https:\/\/www.oliveboard.in\/blog\/origin-and-extent-of-indus-civilization\/#faq-question-1729763206777","position":5,"url":"https:\/\/www.oliveboard.in\/blog\/origin-and-extent-of-indus-civilization\/#faq-question-1729763206777","name":"Q5. What was the economy of the Indus Civilization based on?","answerCount":1,"acceptedAnswer":{"@type":"Answer","text":"Ans. The economy was based on agriculture, trade, and craft production.","inLanguage":"en-US"},"inLanguage":"en-US"}]}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.oliveboard.in\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/199901","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.oliveboard.in\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.oliveboard.in\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.oliveboard.in\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/50"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.oliveboard.in\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=199901"}],"version-history":[{"count":5,"href":"https:\/\/www.oliveboard.in\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/199901\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":199918,"href":"https:\/\/www.oliveboard.in\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/199901\/revisions\/199918"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.oliveboard.in\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/199910"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.oliveboard.in\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=199901"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.oliveboard.in\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=199901"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.oliveboard.in\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=199901"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}