{"id":226731,"date":"2026-09-02T19:12:25","date_gmt":"2026-09-02T13:42:25","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.oliveboard.in\/blog\/?p=226731"},"modified":"2026-09-02T19:12:28","modified_gmt":"2026-09-02T13:42:28","slug":"labour-reforms-in-india","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.oliveboard.in\/blog\/labour-reforms-in-india\/","title":{"rendered":"Labour Reforms in India, Explanation and Notes for UPSC EPFO Exam"},"content":{"rendered":"<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_77 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-grey ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title\" style=\"cursor:inherit\">Table of content<\/p>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-title-toggle\"><a href=\"#\" class=\"ez-toc-pull-right ez-toc-btn ez-toc-btn-xs ez-toc-btn-default ez-toc-toggle\" aria-label=\"Toggle Table of Content\"><span class=\"ez-toc-js-icon-con\"><span class=\"\"><span class=\"eztoc-hide\" style=\"display:none;\">Toggle<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-icon-toggle-span\"><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"list-377408\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/path><\/svg><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" class=\"arrow-unsorted-368013\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"10px\" height=\"10px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.2\" baseProfile=\"tiny\"><path d=\"M18.2 9.3l-6.2-6.3-6.2 6.3c-.2.2-.3.4-.3.7s.1.5.3.7c.2.2.4.3.7.3h11c.3 0 .5-.1.7-.3.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7zM5.8 14.7l6.2 6.3 6.2-6.3c.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7c-.2-.2-.4-.3-.7-.3h-11c-.3 0-.5.1-.7.3-.2.2-.3.5-.3.7s.1.5.3.7z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 eztoc-toggle-hide-by-default' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/www.oliveboard.in\/blog\/labour-reforms-in-india\/#What_are_labour_reforms_in_India\" >What are labour reforms in India?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/www.oliveboard.in\/blog\/labour-reforms-in-india\/#Download_UPSC_EPFO_Labour_Laws_Practice_Quiz_PDF\" >Download UPSC EPFO Labour Laws Practice Quiz PDF<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/www.oliveboard.in\/blog\/labour-reforms-in-india\/#Why_were_labour_reforms_needed_in_India\" >Why were labour reforms needed in India?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/www.oliveboard.in\/blog\/labour-reforms-in-india\/#Why_are_the_four_Labour_Codes_important_for_the_UPSC_EPFO_exam\" >Why are the four Labour Codes important for the UPSC EPFO exam?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/www.oliveboard.in\/blog\/labour-reforms-in-india\/#What_are_the_four_Labour_Codes_in_India\" >What are the four Labour Codes in India?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6\" href=\"https:\/\/www.oliveboard.in\/blog\/labour-reforms-in-india\/#What_is_the_Code_on_Wages_2019\" >What is the Code on Wages, 2019?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-7\" href=\"https:\/\/www.oliveboard.in\/blog\/labour-reforms-in-india\/#What_is_the_Industrial_Relations_Code_2020\" >What is the Industrial Relations Code, 2020?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-8\" href=\"https:\/\/www.oliveboard.in\/blog\/labour-reforms-in-india\/#What_is_the_Code_on_Social_Security_2020\" >What is the Code on Social Security, 2020?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-9\" href=\"https:\/\/www.oliveboard.in\/blog\/labour-reforms-in-india\/#How_does_the_Social_Security_Code_cover_gig_and_platform_workers\" >How does the Social Security Code cover gig and platform workers?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-10\" href=\"https:\/\/www.oliveboard.in\/blog\/labour-reforms-in-india\/#What_is_the_Occupational_Safety_Health_and_Working_Conditions_Code_2020\" >What is the Occupational Safety, Health and Working Conditions Code, 2020?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-11\" href=\"https:\/\/www.oliveboard.in\/blog\/labour-reforms-in-india\/#What_are_the_provisions_for_women_workers_under_the_new_Labour_Codes\" >What are the provisions for women workers under the new Labour Codes?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-12\" href=\"https:\/\/www.oliveboard.in\/blog\/labour-reforms-in-india\/#What_are_the_provisions_for_inter-state_migrant_workers\" >What are the provisions for inter-state migrant workers?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-13\" href=\"https:\/\/www.oliveboard.in\/blog\/labour-reforms-in-india\/#What_are_the_major_benefits_of_Labour_Reforms_in_India\" >What are the major benefits of Labour Reforms in India?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-14\" href=\"https:\/\/www.oliveboard.in\/blog\/labour-reforms-in-india\/#What_are_the_major_concerns_related_to_Labour_Reforms\" >What are the major concerns related to Labour Reforms?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-15\" href=\"https:\/\/www.oliveboard.in\/blog\/labour-reforms-in-india\/#Attempt_the_UPSC_EPFO_Labour_Laws_Practice_Quiz\" >Attempt the UPSC EPFO Labour Laws Practice Quiz<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-16\" href=\"https:\/\/www.oliveboard.in\/blog\/labour-reforms-in-india\/#Sign_Up\" >Sign Up<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-17\" href=\"https:\/\/www.oliveboard.in\/blog\/labour-reforms-in-india\/#Login\" >Login<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-18\" href=\"https:\/\/www.oliveboard.in\/blog\/labour-reforms-in-india\/#Forgot_Password\" >Forgot Password<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-19\" href=\"https:\/\/www.oliveboard.in\/blog\/labour-reforms-in-india\/#i\" >&nbsp;<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-20\" href=\"https:\/\/www.oliveboard.in\/blog\/labour-reforms-in-india\/#FAQs\" >FAQs<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n\n<p><strong>Labour Reforms in India<\/strong> are an important topic for the UPSC EPFO EO\/AO and APFC examinations, especially under <strong>Industrial Relations, Labour Laws and Social Security<\/strong>. India has brought a major change in its labour law framework by consolidating <strong>29 Central labour laws into 4 Labour Codes<\/strong>. These Codes cover wages, industrial relations, social security, and occupational safety and working conditions. For an EPFO aspirant, understanding these reforms is important because they are closely connected with employment, workers&#8217; rights, social security and labour administration.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The four Labour Codes came into force on <strong>21 November 2025<\/strong>, making them particularly important for current-affairs-based questions in the UPSC EPFO examination. This article explains the need for labour reforms, the four Labour Codes, their major provisions, benefits, concerns and important facts that candidates should revise before the exam.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"What_are_labour_reforms_in_India\"><\/span>What are labour reforms in India?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Labour reforms refer to changes made in labour laws, employment rules and related institutions to create a simpler and more effective framework for workers and employers. India&#8217;s earlier labour law system consisted of several Central laws covering different areas of employment. The 4 Labour Codes consolidate these laws and aim to reduce duplication and simplify compliance. At the same time, the reforms seek to expand social security and improve protection for workers across different forms of employment.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>29 Central labour laws consolidated<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>4 Labour Codes introduced<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Focus on simpler labour laws<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Greater coverage of social security<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Recognition of gig and platform workers<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Focus on workplace safety and worker welfare<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-buttons is-content-justification-center is-layout-flex wp-container-core-buttons-is-layout-16018d1d wp-block-buttons-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-button\"><a class=\"wp-block-button__link wp-element-button\" href=\"https:\/\/www.oliveboard.in\/upsc-epfo-apfc-mock-test\/?ref=contac-upsc-epfo\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Attempt A Free UPSC EPFO APFC Mock Test Today!<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-download-upsc-epfo-labour-laws-practice-quiz-pdf\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Download_UPSC_EPFO_Labour_Laws_Practice_Quiz_PDF\"><\/span>Download UPSC EPFO Labour Laws Practice Quiz PDF<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Candidates can use the UPSC EPFO Labour Laws Practice Quiz as a quick revision resource while preparing for the APFC Recruitment Test. Solving topic-wise questions helps candidates identify weak areas and revise important labour laws, codes and social security concepts. Candidates can also use previous year papers to understand the type of questions asked in the examination.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table><tbody><tr><td><strong>Particulars<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>Link<\/strong><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>UPSC EPFO Labour Laws Practice Quiz PDF<\/td><td><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.oliveboard.in\/upsc-epfo-prep-kit\/?ref=contac-upsc-epfo\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Download Now<\/a><\/strong><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>UPSC EPFO APFC Previous Year Papers<\/td><td><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.oliveboard.in\/blog\/upsc-epfo-previous-year-question-papers\/?ref=contac-upsc-epfo\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Download Now<\/a><\/strong><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>UPSC EPFO Labour Laws Notes<\/td><td><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.oliveboard.in\/labour-laws-and-industrial-relations\/?ref=contac-upsc-epfo\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Download Free PDF<\/a><\/strong><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Why_were_labour_reforms_needed_in_India\"><\/span>Why were labour reforms needed in India?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>India&#8217;s labour market has changed significantly with the growth of industries, services, technology, start-ups and new forms of employment. The earlier system had several laws with overlapping provisions and different definitions of important terms. This created difficulties for both employers and workers. The reforms aim to create a more consistent framework while improving worker protection and making compliance easier.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Multiple laws:<\/strong> Several Central labour laws governed different aspects of employment.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Overlapping provisions:<\/strong> Different laws sometimes had similar or overlapping requirements.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Different definitions:<\/strong> Terms such as wages and workers could have different meanings under different laws.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Complex compliance:<\/strong> Employers had to deal with multiple registrations, licences and returns.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Changing workforce:<\/strong> Gig, platform and other new forms of employment required a modern legal framework.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Wider social security:<\/strong> There was a need to extend social security coverage beyond traditional formal employment.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Why_are_the_four_Labour_Codes_important_for_the_UPSC_EPFO_exam\"><\/span>Why are the four Labour Codes important for the UPSC EPFO exam?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>The four Labour Codes are directly relevant to the <strong>Industrial Relations &amp; Labour Laws<\/strong> and <strong>Social Security in India<\/strong> portions of the UPSC EPFO syllabus. An EPFO officer works in an area closely connected with provident fund, pension and social security administration. Therefore, questions can test both factual knowledge and the broader impact of labour reforms.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>For the exam, candidates should focus on the <strong>names of the four Codes, the laws consolidated under each Code, major provisions, important definitions and key changes<\/strong>. Understanding the purpose of each Code is also useful for statement-based and match-the-following questions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Four Labour Codes and their years<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>29 Central laws consolidated<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Key provisions of each Code<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Social security for gig and platform workers<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Minimum wages and floor wage<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Trade unions and industrial disputes<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Retrenchment and standing orders<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Occupational safety and working conditions<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>EPF, ESI and gratuity provisions<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"What_are_the_four_Labour_Codes_in_India\"><\/span>What are the four Labour Codes in India?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>The four Labour Codes bring different areas of labour legislation under four broad legal frameworks. Together, they cover wages, industrial relations, social security and workplace safety. The Codes were passed between <strong>2019 and 2020<\/strong> and came into force on <strong>21 November 2025<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table><tbody><tr><td><strong>Labour Code<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>Year<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>Main Area<\/strong><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Code on Wages<\/td><td>2019<\/td><td>Wages, minimum wages and bonus<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Industrial Relations Code<\/td><td>2020<\/td><td>Trade unions and industrial disputes<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Code on Social Security<\/td><td>2020<\/td><td>EPF, ESI, gratuity and social security<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>OSH &amp; WC Code<\/td><td>2020<\/td><td>Safety, health and working conditions<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-buttons is-content-justification-center is-layout-flex wp-container-core-buttons-is-layout-16018d1d wp-block-buttons-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-button\"><a class=\"wp-block-button__link wp-element-button\" href=\"https:\/\/www.oliveboard.in\/upsc-epfo-apfc\/?ref=contac-upsc-epfo\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Enroll  for UPSC EPFO APFC Online Courses<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"What_is_the_Code_on_Wages_2019\"><\/span>What is the Code on Wages, 2019?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>The <strong>Code on Wages, 2019<\/strong> consolidates four major laws relating to wages and remuneration. It aims to create a common framework for minimum wages, payment of wages, bonus and equal remuneration. One of its important features is the concept of a <strong>floor wage<\/strong>, which is intended to provide a minimum benchmark below which the minimum wage fixed by the appropriate government cannot fall.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Four laws consolidated under the Code on Wages:<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Payment of Wages Act, 1936<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Minimum Wages Act, 1948<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Payment of Bonus Act, 1965<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Equal Remuneration Act, 1976<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Key provisions:<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Provides for <strong>minimum wages<\/strong>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Introduces the concept of a <strong>floor wage<\/strong>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Promotes equal wages without gender-based discrimination.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Provides rules relating to payment of wages.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Covers provisions related to bonus.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Provides a common definition of <strong>wages<\/strong> for the Code.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">What is the floor wage under the Code on Wages?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>The <strong>floor wage<\/strong> is a minimum benchmark to be fixed by the Central Government after considering minimum living standards. The appropriate government cannot fix minimum wages below the floor wage. However, states can fix minimum wages above the floor wage based on relevant factors.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Exam point:<\/strong> Floor wage \u2260 one uniform minimum wage for every worker in India.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"What_is_the_Industrial_Relations_Code_2020\"><\/span>What is the Industrial Relations Code, 2020?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>The <strong>Industrial Relations Code, 2020<\/strong> deals with industrial relations between employers and workers. It consolidates laws relating to trade unions, standing orders and industrial disputes. The Code seeks to create a framework for dispute resolution while providing rules for strikes, lock-outs, retrenchment and other industrial relations matters.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Three laws consolidated under the Code:<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Trade Unions Act, 1926<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Industrial Employment (Standing Orders) Act, 1946<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Industrial Disputes Act, 1947<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Key provisions:<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Provides a framework for <strong>trade unions<\/strong>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Provides rules relating to <strong>strikes and lock-outs<\/strong>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Provides for <strong>negotiating unions\/negotiating councils<\/strong>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Provides provisions relating to <strong>retrenchment and closure<\/strong>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Introduces a <strong>reskilling fund<\/strong> for retrenched workers.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Provides rules relating to <strong>standing orders<\/strong> for specified establishments.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Fixed-term employment is formally recognised.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">What is the major change related to strikes?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>The Code requires workers to give a <strong>14-day prior notice<\/strong> before going on strike. The notice requirement applies more broadly than under the earlier Industrial Disputes Act framework.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>UPSC EPFO fact:<\/strong> Do not confuse <strong>14 days<\/strong> with <strong>60 days<\/strong>. The Code requires a 14-day notice, and the notice is subject to the prescribed validity period.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">What is the reskilling fund?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>The Industrial Relations Code provides for a <strong>worker re-skilling fund<\/strong> for retrenched workers. The fund is intended to support workers in acquiring skills after retrenchment and facilitate their transition to new employment.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"What_is_the_Code_on_Social_Security_2020\"><\/span>What is the Code on Social Security, 2020?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>The Code on Social Security, 2020 is particularly important for UPSC EPFO aspirants because it covers several areas directly related to social security. It consolidates laws dealing with provident fund, employees&#8217; state insurance, gratuity, maternity benefits and other social security measures. It also creates a framework for extending social security schemes to unorganised workers, gig workers and platform workers. Nine laws consolidated under the Code include:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Employees&#8217; Compensation Act, 1923<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Employees&#8217; State Insurance Act, 1948<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Employees&#8217; Provident Funds and Miscellaneous Provisions Act, 1952<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Employment Exchanges (Compulsory Notification of Vacancies) Act, 1959<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Maternity Benefit Act, 1961<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Payment of Gratuity Act, 1972<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Cine-Workers Welfare Fund Act, 1981<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Building and Other Construction Workers&#8217; Welfare Cess Act, 1996<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Unorganised Workers&#8217; Social Security Act, 2008<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Key provisions:<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Covers Employees&#8217; Provident Fund.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Covers Employees&#8217; State Insurance.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Provides provisions relating to gratuity.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Covers maternity benefits.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Recognises gig workers.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Recognises platform workers.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Provides a framework for social security schemes for unorganised workers.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Provides for registration of unorganised, gig and platform workers.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"How_does_the_Social_Security_Code_cover_gig_and_platform_workers\"><\/span>How does the Social Security Code cover gig and platform workers?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>One of the most significant features of the Social Security Code is the recognition of <strong>gig workers and platform workers<\/strong>. The Code provides a framework under which social security schemes can be formulated for these categories of workers. This is important because traditional labour laws were largely designed around conventional employer-employee relationships.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table><tbody><tr><td><strong>Term<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>Simple meaning<\/strong><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Gig worker<\/td><td>A person working outside a traditional employer-employee relationship<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Platform worker<\/td><td>A person involved in platform-based work<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Unorganised worker<\/td><td>A worker belonging to the unorganised sector, subject to the Code&#8217;s definition<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"What_is_the_Occupational_Safety_Health_and_Working_Conditions_Code_2020\"><\/span>What is the Occupational Safety, Health and Working Conditions Code, 2020?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>The Occupational Safety, Health and Working Conditions Code, 2020, commonly called the OSH &amp; WC Code, focuses on workplace safety, employee health, welfare facilities and working conditions. It consolidates several laws dealing with factories, mines, contract labour, migrant workers and other establishments. The Code also contains provisions relating to appointment letters, women workers and inter-state migrant workers.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Appointment letters for workers.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Standards relating to occupational safety and health.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Provisions relating to working conditions.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Provisions for inter-state migrant workers.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Wider provisions for women workers.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Regulation of contract labour.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Provisions relating to factories and other establishments.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Standard working-time framework of 8 hours per day and 48 hours per week, subject to prescribed conditions and rules.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-buttons is-content-justification-center is-layout-flex wp-container-core-buttons-is-layout-16018d1d wp-block-buttons-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-button\"><a class=\"wp-block-button__link wp-element-button\" href=\"https:\/\/www.oliveboard.in\/upsc-epfo-prep-kit\/?ref=contac-upsc-epfo\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Download the UPSC EPFO Prep Kit<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"What_are_the_provisions_for_women_workers_under_the_new_Labour_Codes\"><\/span>What are the provisions for women workers under the new Labour Codes?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>The labour reforms aim to increase women&#8217;s participation in the workforce while ensuring workplace safety. Women can work in establishments and, subject to their consent and prescribed safety conditions, can also work during night hours. Employers are required to follow safety-related requirements for such employment.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Women can work in a wider range of establishments.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Night work is permitted subject to consent and safety requirements.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Employers must ensure prescribed safety conditions.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The reforms aim to promote greater participation of women in employment.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"What_are_the_provisions_for_inter-state_migrant_workers\"><\/span>What are the provisions for inter-state migrant workers?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>The OSH &amp; WC Code provides specific provisions for <strong>inter-state migrant workers<\/strong>. The framework seeks to improve their access to benefits and welfare measures and recognises the challenges faced by workers who migrate between states for employment.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Recognition of inter-state migrant workers.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Provision relating to journey allowance.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Portability-related welfare provisions.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Registration and database-related provisions.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Measures aimed at improving access to welfare benefits.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"What_are_the_major_benefits_of_Labour_Reforms_in_India\"><\/span>What are the major benefits of Labour Reforms in India?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>The Labour Codes are intended to simplify India&#8217;s labour law framework while expanding worker protection. Consolidating several laws into four Codes can make the overall system easier to understand and administer. The reforms also recognise new categories of workers and seek to improve social security coverage.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Simplification:<\/strong> 29 Central laws consolidated into four Codes.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Common framework:<\/strong> More uniform definitions and provisions.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Social security:<\/strong> Greater focus on extending social security coverage.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Gig economy:<\/strong> Gig and platform workers recognised.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Worker protection:<\/strong> Greater focus on wages, safety and welfare.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Ease of compliance:<\/strong> Simplified compliance framework for employers.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Formalisation:<\/strong> Greater emphasis on formal employment records and appointment letters.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Women employment:<\/strong> Provisions supporting women&#8217;s participation in the workforce.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"What_are_the_major_concerns_related_to_Labour_Reforms\"><\/span>What are the major concerns related to Labour Reforms?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>While the reforms aim to simplify labour laws and improve social security, they have also raised concerns among trade unions and other stakeholders. Issues such as flexibility in retrenchment, strike provisions and the implementation of social security schemes have been widely discussed. For UPSC EPFO, candidates should understand both the <strong>advantages and challenges<\/strong> rather than studying the reforms from only one perspective.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table><tbody><tr><td><strong>Benefits<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>Concerns<\/strong><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Simplifies labour laws<\/td><td>Implementation may be complex<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Expands social security framework<\/td><td>Effective coverage of informal workers remains a challenge<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Recognises gig and platform workers<\/td><td>Funding and implementation of schemes need attention<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Promotes ease of compliance<\/td><td>Concerns regarding worker protection<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Supports formalisation<\/td><td>Greater flexibility for employers may raise job-security concerns<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Improves workplace safety framework<\/td><td>Awareness and enforcement are important<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-buttons is-content-justification-center is-layout-flex wp-container-core-buttons-is-layout-16018d1d wp-block-buttons-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-button\"><a class=\"wp-block-button__link wp-element-button\" href=\"https:\/\/www.oliveboard.in\/upsc-epfo-apfc-study-plan\/?ref=contac-upsc-epfo\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Check out the UPSC EPFO Study Plan<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-attempt-the-upsc-epfo-labour-laws-practice-quiz\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Attempt_the_UPSC_EPFO_Labour_Laws_Practice_Quiz\"><\/span>Attempt the UPSC EPFO Labour Laws Practice Quiz<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Candidates can now attempt the UPSC EPFO Labour Laws Practice Quiz to check their preparation level. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<!DOCTYPE html>\n<html lang=\"en\">\n<head>\n\n<link rel=\"stylesheet\" href=\"https:\/\/courses.oliveboard.in\/edge\/css\/login-modal-for-blog.css\">\n\n<style>\n#quiz-1-sticky-header {\n  position: sticky;\n  top: 0;\n  z-index: 100;\n  background: #1565c0;\n  color: #fff;\n  padding: 12px 20px;\n  border-radius: 10px 10px 0 0;\n  display: flex;\n  justify-content: space-between;\n  align-items: center;\n  font-size: 16px;\n  font-weight: bold;\n  box-shadow: 0 2px 8px rgba(0,0,0,0.2);\n  margin: -20px -20px 20px -20px;\n}\n\n#quiz-1-score-badge {\n  background: rgba(255,255,255,0.2);\n  padding: 4px 12px;\n  border-radius: 20px;\n  font-size: 15px;\n  white-space: nowrap;\n}\n#quiz-1 * { box-sizing: border-box; }\n\n#quiz-1 .quiz-container {\n  max-width: 700px;\n  margin: auto;\n  padding: 20px;\n  background: #fff;\n  border-radius: 14px;\n  box-shadow: 0 6px 16px rgba(0,0,0,0.12);\n}\n\n#quiz-1 h2 {\n  text-align: center;\n}\n\n#quiz-1 .question {\n  margin-bottom: 22px;\n}\n\n#quiz-1 .question p {\n  font-weight: bold;\n}\n\n#quiz-1 button {\n  width: 100%;\n  padding: 12px;\n  margin: 6px 0;\n  border: none;\n  border-radius: 6px;\n  background: #e0e0e0;\n  color: #000;\n  font-size: 16px;\n  cursor: pointer;\n}\n\n#quiz-1 button:hover {\n  background: #d5d5d5;\n}\n\n#quiz-1 button.correct {\n  background: #4caf50;\n  color: #000;\n}\n\n#quiz-1 button.wrong {\n  background: #f44336;\n  color: #000;\n}\n\n#quiz-1 button.locked {\n  pointer-events: none;\n}\n\n\/* SUMMARY *\/\n#quiz-1 .final-summary {\n  margin-top: 40px;\n  padding: 20px;\n  border-radius: 14px;\n  background: #fafafa;\n  border: 2px solid #4caf50;\n}\n\n#quiz-1 .final-summary h3 {\n  text-align: center;\n  margin-bottom: 20px;\n}\n\n#quiz-1 .summary-row {\n  display: grid;\n  grid-template-columns: 120px 1fr 40px;\n  gap: 10px;\n  align-items: center;\n  margin-bottom: 12px;\n  font-weight: bold;\n}\n\n#quiz-1 .summary-bar {\n  height: 14px;\n  background: #ddd;\n  border-radius: 10px;\n  overflow: hidden;\n}\n\n#quiz-1 .bar-fill {\n  height: 100%;\n  width: 0%;\n}\n\n#quiz-1 .bar-attempted { background: #2196f3; }\n#quiz-1 .bar-correct { background: #4caf50; }\n#quiz-1 .bar-wrong { background: #f44336; }\n#quiz-1 .bar-unattempted { background: #9e9e9e; width: 100%; }\n\n#quiz-1 .final-score {\n  text-align: center;\n  font-size: 22px;\n  margin-top: 20px;\n}\n\n#quiz-1 .score-value {\n  font-size: 30px;\n  margin-left: 8px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<\/head>\n\n<body>\n<div id=\"quiz-1\">\n  <div class=\"quiz-container\">\n<div id=\"quiz-1-sticky-header\">\n  <span> UPSC EPFO Labour Laws Practice Quiz <\/span>\n  <span id=\"quiz-1-score-badge\">Score: <strong id=\"quiz-1-score-value\">0.00<\/strong><\/span>\n<\/div>\n\n    <!-- QUESTIONS -->\n\n<div class=\"question\" data-answered=\"false\">\n  <p>1. Which statement best describes industrial relations?<\/p>\n  <button data-correct=\"true\">The relationships among employers, employees, trade unions and the State in the world of work<\/button>\n  <button data-correct=\"false\">Only relations among competing firms<\/button>\n  <button data-correct=\"false\">Only relations between customers and firms<\/button>\n  <button data-correct=\"false\">Only financial relations among shareholders<\/button>\n  <button data-correct=\"false\">Only recruitment and selection activities<\/button>\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"question\" data-answered=\"false\">\n  <p>2. A central objective of sound industrial relations is to:<\/p>\n  <button data-correct=\"false\">Prevent workers from forming associations<\/button>\n  <button data-correct=\"true\">Promote industrial peace while balancing legitimate interests of workers and employers<\/button>\n  <button data-correct=\"false\">Maximise production regardless of working conditions<\/button>\n  <button data-correct=\"false\">Eliminate all differences of interest at the workplace<\/button>\n  <button data-correct=\"false\">Replace collective processes with unilateral decisions<\/button>\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"question\" data-answered=\"false\">\n  <p>3. Which group is commonly treated as a principal actor in an industrial relations system?<\/p>\n  <button data-correct=\"false\">Auditors, insurers and investors only<\/button>\n  <button data-correct=\"false\">Judiciary alone<\/button>\n  <button data-correct=\"true\">Employers, workers and their organisations, and the government<\/button>\n  <button data-correct=\"false\">Local residents alone<\/button>\n  <button data-correct=\"false\">Consumers, exporters and banks only<\/button>\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"question\" data-answered=\"false\">\n  <p>4. The pluralist approach to industrial relations generally assumes that:<\/p>\n  <button data-correct=\"false\">Employer and employee interests are always identical<\/button>\n  <button data-correct=\"false\">Conflict can never occur in employment<\/button>\n  <button data-correct=\"false\">Trade unions have no legitimate role<\/button>\n  <button data-correct=\"true\">The workplace contains legitimate groups with differing interests that can be regulated through institutions and bargaining<\/button>\n  <button data-correct=\"false\">Only individual contracts should determine all conditions<\/button>\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"question\" data-answered=\"false\">\n  <p>5. The unitary perspective of industrial relations tends to view the organisation as:<\/p>\n  <button data-correct=\"true\">An integrated team with a common purpose and shared objectives<\/button>\n  <button data-correct=\"false\">A market with no managerial authority<\/button>\n  <button data-correct=\"false\">A permanent arena of class conflict<\/button>\n  <button data-correct=\"false\">A federation of competing sovereign unions<\/button>\n  <button data-correct=\"false\">A judicial institution<\/button>\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"question\" data-answered=\"false\">\n  <p>6. In labour economics, the labour force generally consists of:<\/p>\n  <button data-correct=\"false\">Only persons receiving wages<\/button>\n  <button data-correct=\"true\">Persons who are employed plus persons who are unemployed but seeking and available for work<\/button>\n  <button data-correct=\"false\">Only unemployed persons<\/button>\n  <button data-correct=\"false\">All persons in the total population<\/button>\n  <button data-correct=\"false\">Only persons working in factories<\/button>\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"question\" data-answered=\"false\">\n  <p>7. Labour Force Participation Rate (LFPR) measures:<\/p>\n  <button data-correct=\"false\">The share of wages in national income<\/button>\n  <button data-correct=\"false\">The ratio of strikes to establishments<\/button>\n  <button data-correct=\"true\">The proportion of the relevant population that is in the labour force<\/button>\n  <button data-correct=\"false\">The proportion of workers receiving bonuses<\/button>\n  <button data-correct=\"false\">The proportion of employed persons who belong to trade unions<\/button>\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"question\" data-answered=\"false\">\n  <p>8. Underemployment most accurately refers to a situation where a person:<\/p>\n  <button data-correct=\"false\">Has voluntarily retired from all work<\/button>\n  <button data-correct=\"false\">Is outside the labour force and not seeking work<\/button>\n  <button data-correct=\"false\">Owns more than one enterprise<\/button>\n  <button data-correct=\"true\">Is employed but works less than desired or below the effective use of his or her skills and capacity<\/button>\n  <button data-correct=\"false\">Receives wages above the minimum wage<\/button>\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"question\" data-answered=\"false\">\n  <p>9. Labour productivity is most directly concerned with:<\/p>\n  <button data-correct=\"true\">Output produced per unit of labour input<\/button>\n  <button data-correct=\"false\">Only the level of nominal wages<\/button>\n  <button data-correct=\"false\">The number of trade unions in an industry<\/button>\n  <button data-correct=\"false\">The number of days of annual leave<\/button>\n  <button data-correct=\"false\">The ratio of managers to workers<\/button>\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"question\" data-answered=\"false\">\n  <p>10. A persistently high labour turnover rate may indicate:<\/p>\n  <button data-correct=\"false\">A legally mandated wage increase<\/button>\n  <button data-correct=\"true\">Frequent employee exits and replacements, which can raise recruitment and training costs<\/button>\n  <button data-correct=\"false\">A reduction in labour-force participation<\/button>\n  <button data-correct=\"false\">Complete absence of employee movement<\/button>\n  <button data-correct=\"false\">Automatic improvement in industrial peace<\/button>\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"question\" data-answered=\"false\">\n  <p>11. For an employee whose wage period is monthly, wages are generally to be paid:<\/p>\n  <button data-correct=\"false\">Only at the end of the financial year<\/button>\n  <button data-correct=\"false\">On the last day of the following quarter<\/button>\n  <button data-correct=\"true\">Before the expiry of the seventh day of the succeeding month<\/button>\n  <button data-correct=\"false\">Whenever the employer chooses<\/button>\n  <button data-correct=\"false\">Within six months<\/button>\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"question\" data-answered=\"false\">\n  <p>12. On removal, dismissal, retrenchment, resignation or closure-related unemployment, wages due are generally payable within:<\/p>\n  <button data-correct=\"false\">Thirty calendar days<\/button>\n  <button data-correct=\"false\">Ninety days<\/button>\n  <button data-correct=\"false\">One financial year<\/button>\n  <button data-correct=\"true\">Two working days<\/button>\n  <button data-correct=\"false\">Six months<\/button>\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"question\" data-answered=\"false\">\n  <p>13. The total amount of deductions from wages in a wage period under the Code on Wages generally cannot exceed:<\/p>\n  <button data-correct=\"true\">Fifty per cent of wages<\/button>\n  <button data-correct=\"false\">One hundred per cent of wages<\/button>\n  <button data-correct=\"false\">Ten per cent of wages<\/button>\n  <button data-correct=\"false\">Twenty per cent of wages<\/button>\n  <button data-correct=\"false\">Seventy-five per cent of wages<\/button>\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"question\" data-answered=\"false\">\n  <p>14. Which is an example of a deduction that may be authorised under the Code on Wages, subject to its conditions?<\/p>\n  <button data-correct=\"false\">A deduction imposed secretly without authority<\/button>\n  <button data-correct=\"true\">A deduction for absence from duty<\/button>\n  <button data-correct=\"false\">A deduction exceeding all statutory limits by agreement<\/button>\n  <button data-correct=\"false\">An arbitrary deduction with no legal basis<\/button>\n  <button data-correct=\"false\">A deduction based on the employee\u2019s religion<\/button>\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"question\" data-answered=\"false\">\n  <p>15. For statutory bonus eligibility under the Code on Wages, an employee must have worked in the accounting year for at least:<\/p>\n  <button data-correct=\"false\">Fifteen days<\/button>\n  <button data-correct=\"false\">Ninety days<\/button>\n  <button data-correct=\"true\">Thirty days<\/button>\n  <button data-correct=\"false\">One hundred and eighty days<\/button>\n  <button data-correct=\"false\">Seven days<\/button>\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"question\" data-answered=\"false\">\n  <p>16. The statutory minimum bonus rate under the Code on Wages is generally:<\/p>\n  <button data-correct=\"false\">5 per cent in every case<\/button>\n  <button data-correct=\"false\">10 per cent in every case<\/button>\n  <button data-correct=\"false\">15 per cent in every case<\/button>\n  <button data-correct=\"true\">8.33 per cent of wages or the prescribed minimum amount, subject to the Code<\/button>\n  <button data-correct=\"false\">25 per cent in every case<\/button>\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"question\" data-answered=\"false\">\n  <p>17. The maximum bonus payable under the Code on Wages is generally capped at:<\/p>\n  <button data-correct=\"true\">Twenty per cent of wages<\/button>\n  <button data-correct=\"false\">Fifty per cent of wages<\/button>\n  <button data-correct=\"false\">Eight per cent of wages<\/button>\n  <button data-correct=\"false\">Ten per cent of wages<\/button>\n  <button data-correct=\"false\">Thirty-three per cent of wages<\/button>\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"question\" data-answered=\"false\">\n  <p>18. A claim under the Code on Wages may generally be filed within:<\/p>\n  <button data-correct=\"false\">Ten years in every case<\/button>\n  <button data-correct=\"true\">Three years from the date on which the claim arises<\/button>\n  <button data-correct=\"false\">There is no limitation period<\/button>\n  <button data-correct=\"false\">Thirty days only<\/button>\n  <button data-correct=\"false\">Six months only<\/button>\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"question\" data-answered=\"false\">\n  <p>19. The inspection model under the Code on Wages uses the designation:<\/p>\n  <button data-correct=\"false\">Industrial Magistrate<\/button>\n  <button data-correct=\"false\">Provident Fund Arbitrator<\/button>\n  <button data-correct=\"true\">Inspector-cum-Facilitator<\/button>\n  <button data-correct=\"false\">Factory Accountant<\/button>\n  <button data-correct=\"false\">Wage Police Officer<\/button>\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"question\" data-answered=\"false\">\n  <p>20. A major change under the Code on Wages is that minimum-wage protection is intended to apply:<\/p>\n  <button data-correct=\"false\">Only to mines<\/button>\n  <button data-correct=\"false\">Only to factories with 1,000 workers<\/button>\n  <button data-correct=\"false\">Only to government employees<\/button>\n  <button data-correct=\"true\">Across employments rather than being confined to scheduled employments under the old Minimum Wages Act framework<\/button>\n  <button data-correct=\"false\">Only to trade-union members<\/button>\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"question\" data-answered=\"false\">\n  <p>21. Which EPFO facility is used for filing grievances by members and establishments?<\/p>\n  <button data-correct=\"true\">EPFiGMS<\/button>\n  <button data-correct=\"false\">e-NAM<\/button>\n  <button data-correct=\"false\">GSTN<\/button>\n  <button data-correct=\"false\">MCA21<\/button>\n  <button data-correct=\"false\">DigiLocker only<\/button>\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"question\" data-answered=\"false\">\n  <p>22. A non-refundable EPF advance may be permitted for specified purposes such as:<\/p>\n  <button data-correct=\"false\">Payment of company dividend<\/button>\n  <button data-correct=\"true\">Certain illness, housing, marriage or education needs, subject to scheme conditions<\/button>\n  <button data-correct=\"false\">Funding an employer\u2019s share capital<\/button>\n  <button data-correct=\"false\">Purchase of speculative cryptocurrency in every case<\/button>\n  <button data-correct=\"false\">Any purpose without conditions<\/button>\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"question\" data-answered=\"false\">\n  <p>23. The statutory wage ceiling commonly used for mandatory EPS contribution calculations under the present EPFO framework is:<\/p>\n  <button data-correct=\"false\">Rs 10,000 per month<\/button>\n  <button data-correct=\"false\">Rs 25,000 per month<\/button>\n  <button data-correct=\"true\">Rs 15,000 per month<\/button>\n  <button data-correct=\"false\">Rs 50,000 per month<\/button>\n  <button data-correct=\"false\">Rs 5,000 per month<\/button>\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"question\" data-answered=\"false\">\n  <p>24. An employee may voluntarily contribute to EPF at a rate higher than the statutory employee rate, subject to the scheme, through:<\/p>\n  <button data-correct=\"false\">EDLI contribution by the employee<\/button>\n  <button data-correct=\"false\">A compulsory gratuity deduction<\/button>\n  <button data-correct=\"false\">A pension withdrawal tax<\/button>\n  <button data-correct=\"true\">Voluntary Provident Fund contribution<\/button>\n  <button data-correct=\"false\">A trade-union levy<\/button>\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"question\" data-answered=\"false\">\n  <p>25. Which statement about EPS contribution is correct under the standard EPFO structure?<\/p>\n  <button data-correct=\"true\">It is funded from the employer\u2019s share; the employee does not make a separate direct EPS contribution<\/button>\n  <button data-correct=\"false\">It is a State sales-tax levy<\/button>\n  <button data-correct=\"false\">It is funded only by a separate employee deduction of 8.33%<\/button>\n  <button data-correct=\"false\">It is funded only by trade unions<\/button>\n  <button data-correct=\"false\">It has no employer contribution<\/button>\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"question\" data-answered=\"false\">\n  <p>26. The primary purpose of EDLI is to provide:<\/p>\n  <button data-correct=\"false\">Medical treatment at ESIC hospitals<\/button>\n  <button data-correct=\"true\">Life insurance benefit linked to EPF membership, payable to eligible beneficiaries on the member\u2019s death in service<\/button>\n  <button data-correct=\"false\">Maternity leave salary only<\/button>\n  <button data-correct=\"false\">Old-age pension to every citizen<\/button>\n  <button data-correct=\"false\">Unemployment allowance to all job seekers<\/button>\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"question\" data-answered=\"false\">\n  <p>27. Which of the following is NOT one of the three principal EPFO-administered schemes?<\/p>\n  <button data-correct=\"false\">Employees Pension Scheme<\/button>\n  <button data-correct=\"false\">Employees Deposit Linked Insurance Scheme<\/button>\n  <button data-correct=\"true\">Atal Pension Yojana<\/button>\n  <button data-correct=\"false\">None of these<\/button>\n  <button data-correct=\"false\">Employees Provident Fund Scheme<\/button>\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"question\" data-answered=\"false\">\n  <p>28. The EPF system is primarily a form of:<\/p>\n  <button data-correct=\"false\">Purely non-contributory social assistance<\/button>\n  <button data-correct=\"false\">A consumer-credit scheme<\/button>\n  <button data-correct=\"false\">An unemployment survey<\/button>\n  <button data-correct=\"true\">Contributory retirement and social-security savings<\/button>\n  <button data-correct=\"false\">A trade-dispute tribunal<\/button>\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"question\" data-answered=\"false\">\n  <p>29. The Employees State Insurance Act was enacted in:<\/p>\n  <button data-correct=\"true\">1948<\/button>\n  <button data-correct=\"false\">1972<\/button>\n  <button data-correct=\"false\">1923<\/button>\n  <button data-correct=\"false\">1952<\/button>\n  <button data-correct=\"false\">1961<\/button>\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"question\" data-answered=\"false\">\n  <p>30. The present employee contribution rate under the ESI Scheme is generally:<\/p>\n  <button data-correct=\"false\">3.25 per cent<\/button>\n  <button data-correct=\"true\">0.75 per cent of wages<\/button>\n  <button data-correct=\"false\">12 per cent<\/button>\n  <button data-correct=\"false\">0.25 per cent<\/button>\n  <button data-correct=\"false\">1.75 per cent<\/button>\n<\/div>\n\n    <!-- FINAL SUMMARY -->\n    <div class=\"final-summary\">\n      <h3>Quiz Summary <\/h3>\n\n      <div class=\"summary-row\">\n        <span>Attempted<\/span>\n        <div class=\"summary-bar\"><div class=\"bar-fill bar-attempted\" data-summary=\"attempted\"><\/div><\/div>\n        <span data-count=\"attempted\">0<\/span>\n      <\/div>\n\n      <div class=\"summary-row\">\n        <span>Correct<\/span>\n        <div class=\"summary-bar\"><div class=\"bar-fill bar-correct\" data-summary=\"correct\"><\/div><\/div>\n        <span data-count=\"correct\">0<\/span>\n      <\/div>\n\n      <div class=\"summary-row\">\n        <span>Wrong<\/span>\n        <div class=\"summary-bar\"><div class=\"bar-fill bar-wrong\" data-summary=\"wrong\"><\/div><\/div>\n        <span data-count=\"wrong\">0<\/span>\n      <\/div>\n\n      <div class=\"summary-row\">\n        <span>Unattempted<\/span>\n        <div class=\"summary-bar\"><div class=\"bar-fill bar-unattempted\" data-summary=\"unattempted\"><\/div><\/div>\n        <span data-count=\"unattempted\">0<\/span>\n      <\/div>\n\n      <div class=\"final-score\">\n        Final Score: <span class=\"score-value\" data-score>0.0<\/span>\n      <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n\n  <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"modal modal-obls\" id=\"modal-signup\">\n        <div class=\"modal-background\"><\/div>\n        <div class=\"modal-content\">\n           <div class=\"obls-group\" id=\"obls-group1\">\n               <div class=\"obls-blk\">\n                   <span class=\"img-box\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"\/img\/img-delivery.svg\" alt=\"\"><\/span>\n                   <h2 id=\"display-register-text\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Sign_Up\"><\/span>Sign Up<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n                   <div class=\"loginas-group loginas-group1 loginas-group-single\">\n <div id=\"g_id_onload\" data-client_id=\"506321490093-i3j96ah9gn1sv3khntnd1rnv5jebt5j4.apps.googleusercontent.com\" ,=\"\" data-use_fedcm_for_prompt=\"true\" data-callback=\"handleOnetapResponse\">\n    <\/div>\n    <div class=\"g_id_signin\" data-type=\"standard\"><div class=\"S9gUrf-YoZ4jf\" style=\"position: relative;\"><div><\/div><iframe src=\"https:\/\/accounts.google.com\/gsi\/button?type=standard&amp;is_fedcm_supported=true&amp;client_id=506321490093-i3j96ah9gn1sv3khntnd1rnv5jebt5j4.apps.googleusercontent.com&amp;iframe_id=gsi_437394_8652&amp;cas=pwXumGxyCMNtIbjaV30qchi2A1vUar%2Faz%2FOE5HQ%2B0Zc\" class=\"L5Fo6c-PQbLGe\" allow=\"identity-credentials-get\" id=\"gsi_437394_8652\" title=\"Sign in with Google Button\" style=\"display: block; position: relative; top: 0px; left: 0px; height: 44px; width: 204px; border: 0px; margin: -2px -10px;\"><\/iframe><\/div><\/div>\n                   <\/div>\n                   <h6 class=\"signup-subheader\">Or, register with email<\/h6>\n                   <label class=\"errormsg txt-red courseUp\"><\/label>\n                   <div class=\"formcontrol-group\">\n                        <span class=\"icon\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"\/img\/ic-mail.svg\" alt=\"\"><\/span>\n                        <input type=\"email\" name=\"email\" class=\"formcontrol ob-inputfield\" id=\"course-uemail\" required=\"\">\n                        <span class=\"floating-label\" style=\"top: 19px; font-size: 12px;\">Email Id<\/span>\n                   <\/div>\n                   <div class=\"formcontrol-group\">\n                        <span class=\"icon\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"\/img\/ic-mobile-black.svg\" alt=\"\"><\/span>\n                        <input type=\"text\" maxlength=\"10\" name=\"monum\" class=\"formcontrol ob-inputfield\" id=\"course-uphone\" required=\"\">\n                        <span class=\"floating-label\">Mobile Number<\/span>\n                   <\/div>\n                   <div class=\"formcontrol-group\">\n                        <span class=\"icon\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"\/img\/ic-lock.svg\" alt=\"\"><\/span>\n                        <input type=\"password\" name=\"pwd\" class=\"formcontrol ob-inputfield\" id=\"course-upassword\" required=\"\">\n                        <span class=\"floating-label\">Password<\/span>\n                   <\/div>\n                   <button type=\"button\" class=\"btn btn-md btn-tblue btn-obls\" onclick=\"courseUpValidation('home','IBPS','https:\/\/u1.oliveboard.in\/exams\/?c=dashboard&amp;i=common');return false;\" id=\"courseup\">REGISTER<\/button>\n                    <p class=\"obls-footer\">Already a user?<button type=\"button\" class=\"btn btn-xs btn-switch-obls btn-show-modal-login\" id=\"btn-show-modal-login\">Login<\/button><\/p>\n               <\/div> \n            <\/div> \n        <\/div>\n        <button class=\"modal-close is-large modal-obls-close\" aria-label=\"close\"><\/button>\n    <\/div>\n\n<div class=\"modal modal-obls\" id=\"modal-login\">\n        <div class=\"modal-background\"><\/div>\n        <div class=\"modal-content\">\n           <div class=\"obls-group\" id=\"obls-group2\">\n               <div class=\"obls-blk\">\n                   <span class=\"img-box\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"\/img\/img-run-health.svg\" alt=\"\"><\/span>\n                   <div id=\"login-group-abc\" class=\"lfp-group-abc\"><!-- start login group -->\n                       <h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Login\"><\/span>Login<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n                       <label class=\"errormsg txt-red courseIn\"><\/label>\n                       <div class=\"formcontrol-group disable-loginemail\">\n                            <span class=\"icon\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"\/img\/ic-mail.svg\" alt=\"\"><\/span>\n                            <input type=\"email\" name=\"email\" class=\"formcontrol ob-inputfield\" id=\"course-email\" required=\"\">\n                            <span class=\"floating-label\">Email Id<\/span>\n                       <\/div>\n                       <div class=\"loginnext-group\" id=\"loginnext-group\"><!-- pass and captcha -->\n                           <div class=\"formcontrol-group\">\n                                <span class=\"icon\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"\/img\/ic-lock.svg\" alt=\"\"><\/span>\n                                <input type=\"password\" name=\"pwd\" class=\"formcontrol ob-inputfield\" id=\"course-password\" required=\"\">\n                                <span class=\"floating-label\">Password<\/span>\n                           <\/div>\n                           <div style=\"display:none\" id=\"img-oblcaptcha\" class=\"captcha-img-blk\">\n                           <\/div>\n                           <div style=\"display:none\" class=\"formcontrol-group captcha-input-blk\">\n                                <input type=\"text\" name=\"pwd1\" value=\"1\" class=\"formcontrol ob-inputfield\" id=\"lcaptcha-code\" required=\"\">\n                                <span class=\"floating-label\">Enter text you see in the image<\/span>\n                           <\/div>\n                       <\/div><!-- pass and captcha -->\n                       \n                       <div class=\"btn-forgotpwd-group\"><button id=\"btn-forgotpwd\" class=\"btn btn-forgotpwd\">Forgot Password?<\/button><\/div>\n                       <button type=\"button\" id=\"coursein1\" class=\"btn btn-md btn-tblue btn-obls\" onclick=\"courseInValidation1()\">Next<\/button>\n                       <button type=\"button\" id=\"coursein\" class=\"btn btn-md btn-tblue btn-obls coursein\" onclick=\"courseInValidation('https:\/\/u1.oliveboard.in\/exams\/?c=dashboard&amp;i=common')\">Submit<\/button>\n                       <form method=\"post\" action=\"https:\/\/login.oliveboard.in\/login\/next.php\" id=\"snf1\">\n                        <input type=\"hidden\" name=\"email\" value=\"\" id=\"lemailnext\">\n                        <\/form>\n                   <\/div><!-- end login group -->\n                   <div id=\"forgotpwd-group-abc\" class=\"lfp-group-abc forgotpwd-group-abc\"><!-- start forgotpwd group -->\n                       <h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Forgot_Password\"><\/span>Forgot Password<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n                       <p class=\"secintro-txt\">Please enter the Email ID we will send you a Email with the link to reset the password.<\/p>\n                       <label class=\"errormsg txt-red rePassMsg\"><\/label>\n                       <div class=\"formcontrol-group formcontrol-group-fp\">\n                            <span class=\"icon\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"\/img\/ic-mail.svg\" alt=\"\"><\/span>\n                            <input type=\"email\" name=\"email\" class=\"formcontrol ob-inputfield\" id=\"remail\" required=\"\">\n                            <span class=\"floating-label\">Email Id<\/span>\n                       <\/div>\n                       <div class=\"loginas-group loginas-group1\">\n                            <button type=\"button\" id=\"btn-fpwd-cancel\" class=\"btn btn-md btn-white btn-cancel btn-fpwd-cancel\">Cancel<\/button>\n                            <button type=\"button\" id=\"lreset\" class=\"btn btn-md btn-tblue btn-fpwd-submit\" onclick=\"resetPassword()\">Submit<\/button>\n                       <\/div>\n                    <\/div><!-- end forgotpwd group --> \n                   <h6 class=\"login-subheader\">Or, login with<\/h6>\n                   <div class=\"loginas-group loginas-group2 loginas-group-single\">\n\n <div id=\"g_id_onload\" data-client_id=\"506321490093-i3j96ah9gn1sv3khntnd1rnv5jebt5j4.apps.googleusercontent.com\" ,=\"\" data-use_fedcm_for_prompt=\"true\" data-callback=\"handleOnetapResponse\">\n    <\/div>\n    <div class=\"g_id_signin\" data-type=\"standard\"><div class=\"S9gUrf-YoZ4jf\" style=\"position: relative;\"><div><div tabindex=\"0\" role=\"button\" aria-labelledby=\"button-label\" class=\"nsm7Bb-HzV7m-LgbsSe  hJDwNd-SxQuSe i5vt6e-Ia7Qfc uaxL4e-RbRzK\"><div class=\"nsm7Bb-HzV7m-LgbsSe-MJoBVe\"><\/div><div class=\"nsm7Bb-HzV7m-LgbsSe-bN97Pc-sM5MNb \"><div class=\"nsm7Bb-HzV7m-LgbsSe-Bz112c\"><svg version=\"1.1\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" viewBox=\"0 0 48 48\" class=\"LgbsSe-Bz112c\"><g><path fill=\"#EA4335\" d=\"M24 9.5c3.54 0 6.71 1.22 9.21 3.6l6.85-6.85C35.9 2.38 30.47 0 24 0 14.62 0 6.51 5.38 2.56 13.22l7.98 6.19C12.43 13.72 17.74 9.5 24 9.5z\"><\/path><path fill=\"#4285F4\" d=\"M46.98 24.55c0-1.57-.15-3.09-.38-4.55H24v9.02h12.94c-.58 2.96-2.26 5.48-4.78 7.18l7.73 6c4.51-4.18 7.09-10.36 7.09-17.65z\"><\/path><path fill=\"#FBBC05\" d=\"M10.53 28.59c-.48-1.45-.76-2.99-.76-4.59s.27-3.14.76-4.59l-7.98-6.19C.92 16.46 0 20.12 0 24c0 3.88.92 7.54 2.56 10.78l7.97-6.19z\"><\/path><path fill=\"#34A853\" d=\"M24 48c6.48 0 11.93-2.13 15.89-5.81l-7.73-6c-2.15 1.45-4.92 2.3-8.16 2.3-6.26 0-11.57-4.22-13.47-9.91l-7.98 6.19C6.51 42.62 14.62 48 24 48z\"><\/path><path fill=\"none\" d=\"M0 0h48v48H0z\"><\/path><\/g><\/svg><\/div><span class=\"nsm7Bb-HzV7m-LgbsSe-BPrWId\">Sign in with Google<\/span><span class=\"L6cTce\" id=\"button-label\">Sign in with Google. Opens in new tab<\/span><\/div><\/div><\/div><iframe src=\"https:\/\/accounts.google.com\/gsi\/button?type=standard&amp;is_fedcm_supported=true&amp;client_id=506321490093-i3j96ah9gn1sv3khntnd1rnv5jebt5j4.apps.googleusercontent.com&amp;iframe_id=gsi_437400_306436&amp;cas=pwXumGxyCMNtIbjaV30qchi2A1vUar%2Faz%2FOE5HQ%2B0Zc\" class=\"L5Fo6c-PQbLGe\" allow=\"identity-credentials-get\" id=\"gsi_437400_306436\" title=\"Sign in with Google Button\" style=\"display: block; position: relative; top: 0px; left: 0px; height: 0px; width: 0px; border: 0px;\"><\/iframe><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n                   <\/div>\n                    <p class=\"obls-footer\">New to Oliveboard?<button class=\"btn btn-xs btn-switch-obls\" id=\"btn-show-modal-signup\">Register<\/button><\/p>\n               <\/div> \n            <\/div> \n            <div class=\"success-msg-group\" id=\"success-msg-group\"><!-- success msg -->\n                <div class=\"success-msg-blk\" id=\"success-msg-blk\">\n                    <span class=\"img-box\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"\/img\/success-ellipse.svg\" alt=\"\"><\/span>\n                    <h2 id=\"fpwd-success-msg-title\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"i\"><\/span>&nbsp;<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n                    <p id=\"fpwd-success-msg-text\">&nbsp;<\/p>\n                    <div class=\"login-btn\">\n                        <button type=\"button\" class=\"btn btn-md btn-tblue modal-obls-close\">Ok<\/button>\n                    <\/div>\n\n                <\/div>\n            <\/div><!-- success msg -->\n\n        <\/div>\n        <button class=\"modal-close is-large modal-obls-close\" aria-label=\"close\"><\/button>\n    <\/div>\n\n<script src=\"https:\/\/s3-ap-southeast-1.amazonaws.com\/sg2.oliveboard.in\/static\/js\/jquery.js\"><\/script>\n\n<script>\nvar boxurl = window.location.href + '?log=1';\n\nfunction getUrlParam(name, defaultValue) {\n    const params = new URLSearchParams(window.location.search);\n    return params.has(name) ? params.get(name) : defaultValue;\n}\n\nvar l_log = getUrlParam('log', 0);\n<\/script>\n<script src=\"https:\/\/www.oliveboard.in\/js\/coursecommon.js?v=12\"><\/script>\n\n\n<script>\n(() => {\n  const quizContainer = document.getElementById('quiz-1');\n  const STORAGE_KEY = 'quiz_1_state';\n  let score = 0;\n  let attempted = 0;\n  let correct = 0;\n  let wrong = 0;\n\n  const questions = quizContainer.querySelectorAll(\".question\");\n  const total = questions.length;\n\n  function loadState() {\n    try { return JSON.parse(sessionStorage.getItem(STORAGE_KEY) || '{}'); }\n    catch { return {}; }\n  }\n\n  function saveState(data) {\n    sessionStorage.setItem(STORAGE_KEY, JSON.stringify(data));\n  }\n\n  function updateUI() {\n    const unattempted = total - attempted;\n    quizContainer.querySelector('[data-count=\"attempted\"]').textContent = attempted;\n    quizContainer.querySelector('[data-count=\"correct\"]').textContent = correct;\n    quizContainer.querySelector('[data-count=\"wrong\"]').textContent = wrong;\n    quizContainer.querySelector('[data-count=\"unattempted\"]').textContent = unattempted;\n    quizContainer.querySelector('[data-summary=\"attempted\"]').style.width = (attempted \/ total) * 100 + \"%\";\n    quizContainer.querySelector('[data-summary=\"correct\"]').style.width = (correct \/ total) * 100 + \"%\";\n    quizContainer.querySelector('[data-summary=\"wrong\"]').style.width = (wrong \/ total) * 100 + \"%\";\n    quizContainer.querySelector('[data-summary=\"unattempted\"]').style.width = (unattempted \/ total) * 100 + \"%\";\n    quizContainer.querySelector('[data-score]').textContent = score.toFixed(2);\n\n    \/\/ Live score update in sticky header\n    document.getElementById('quiz-1-score-value').textContent = score.toFixed(2);\n  }\n\n  function restoreQuestion(q, chosenIndex, wasCorrect) {\n    q.dataset.answered = \"true\";\n    const buttons = q.querySelectorAll(\"button\");\n    buttons.forEach(b => b.classList.add(\"locked\"));\n    if (wasCorrect) {\n      buttons[chosenIndex].classList.add(\"correct\");\n    } else {\n      buttons[chosenIndex].classList.add(\"wrong\");\n      q.querySelector(\"[data-correct='true']\").classList.add(\"correct\");\n    }\n  }\n\n  \/\/ Restore saved answers on page load\n  const savedAnswers = loadState();\nquestions.forEach((q, qIndex) => {\n    const saved = savedAnswers[qIndex];\n    if (saved !== undefined) {\n      attempted++;\n      if (saved.correct) { correct++; }\n      else { wrong++; }\n      restoreQuestion(q, saved.chosenIndex, saved.correct);\n    }\n  });\n  score = parseFloat((correct * 1 - wrong * 0.25).toFixed(2));\n  updateUI();\n\n  \/\/ Attach click handlers\n  questions.forEach((q, qIndex) => {\n    q.querySelectorAll(\"button\").forEach((btn, btnIndex) => {\n      btn.addEventListener(\"click\", () => {\n        if (q.dataset.answered === \"true\") return;\n        q.dataset.answered = \"true\";\n        attempted++;\n\n        if (attempted > 9 && l_log == 0) {\n          $('#modal-signup').addClass('is-active');\n        }\n\n        q.querySelectorAll(\"button\").forEach(b => b.classList.add(\"locked\"));\n        const isCorrect = btn.dataset.correct === \"true\";\n\n if (isCorrect) {\n          btn.classList.add(\"correct\");\n          correct++;\n        } else {\n          btn.classList.add(\"wrong\");\n          wrong++;\n          q.querySelector(\"[data-correct='true']\").classList.add(\"correct\");\n        }\n        score = parseFloat((correct * 1 - wrong * 0.25).toFixed(2));\n\n        savedAnswers[qIndex] = { chosenIndex: btnIndex, correct: isCorrect };\n        saveState(savedAnswers);\n        updateUI();\n      });\n    });\n  });\n\n  updateUI();\n})();\n<\/script>\n\n<\/body>\n<\/html>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-faqs\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"FAQs\"><\/span>FAQs<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"schema-faq wp-block-yoast-faq-block\"><div class=\"schema-faq-section\" id=\"faq-question-1756890856578\"><strong class=\"schema-faq-question\"><strong>1. What are Labour Reforms in India?<\/strong><\/strong> <p class=\"schema-faq-answer\">Labour reforms are changes made to labour laws to simplify regulations and improve worker rights, wages, social security and workplace conditions.<\/p> <\/div> <div class=\"schema-faq-section\" id=\"faq-question-1756890923440\"><strong class=\"schema-faq-question\"><strong>2. How many Central labour laws were consolidated into the four Labour Codes?<\/strong><\/strong> <p class=\"schema-faq-answer\">A total of 29 Central labour laws were consolidated into four Labour Codes.<\/p> <\/div> <div class=\"schema-faq-section\" id=\"faq-question-1756890939865\"><strong class=\"schema-faq-question\"><strong>3. What are the four Labour Codes in India?<\/strong><\/strong> <p class=\"schema-faq-answer\">The four Codes are the Code on Wages, Industrial Relations Code, Code on Social Security, and OSH &amp; WC Code.<\/p> <\/div> <div class=\"schema-faq-section\" id=\"faq-question-1756890957778\"><strong class=\"schema-faq-question\"><strong>4. When did the four Labour Codes come into force?<\/strong><\/strong> <p class=\"schema-faq-answer\">The four Labour Codes came into force across India on 21 November 2025.<\/p> <\/div> <div class=\"schema-faq-section\" id=\"faq-question-1756890974345\"><strong class=\"schema-faq-question\"><strong>5. Which Labour Code deals with minimum wages?<\/strong><\/strong> <p class=\"schema-faq-answer\">The Code on Wages, 2019 deals with minimum wages, payment of wages, bonus and related matters.<\/p> <\/div> <\/div>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-latest-posts__list is-grid columns-3 wp-block-latest-posts\"><li><a class=\"wp-block-latest-posts__post-title\" href=\"https:\/\/www.oliveboard.in\/blog\/sbi-po-interview-experience\/\">SBI PO Interview Experience, Real Candidate Feedback<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a class=\"wp-block-latest-posts__post-title\" href=\"https:\/\/www.oliveboard.in\/blog\/sbi-po-psychometric-test-dos-donts\/\">SBI PO Psychometric Test Do&#8217;s &#038; Don&#8217;ts 2026<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a class=\"wp-block-latest-posts__post-title\" href=\"https:\/\/www.oliveboard.in\/blog\/sbi-po-ge-vs-interview\/\">SBI PO GE vs Interview 2026: What to Expect?<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a class=\"wp-block-latest-posts__post-title\" href=\"https:\/\/www.oliveboard.in\/blog\/sbi-po-ge-sample-topics\/\">SBI PO GE Sample Topics &amp; Practice Exercises 2026<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a class=\"wp-block-latest-posts__post-title\" href=\"https:\/\/www.oliveboard.in\/blog\/sbi-po-ge-dos-donts\/\">SBI PO GE Do\u2019s &amp; Don\u2019ts 2026: Tips to Perform Well<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a class=\"wp-block-latest-posts__post-title\" href=\"https:\/\/www.oliveboard.in\/blog\/sbi-po-gd-tips-and-tricks\/\">How to Perform Well in the SBI PO Group Exercise? Do&#8217;s &amp; Don&#8217;ts<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Labour Reforms in India are an important topic for the UPSC EPFO EO\/AO and APFC examinations, especially under Industrial Relations,<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":58,"featured_media":250858,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[10210,62,10321],"tags":[17919],"class_list":["post-226731","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-epfo","category-government-exams","category-upsc-epfo","tag-labour-reforms-in-india","generate-columns","tablet-grid-50","mobile-grid-100","grid-parent","grid-50"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v26.6 (Yoast SEO v26.6) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Labour Reforms in India, Explanation and Notes for UPSC EPFO Exam<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Understand Labour Reforms in India and the four Labour Codes that shape industrial relations and social security in the country.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.oliveboard.in\/blog\/labour-reforms-in-india\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Labour Reforms in India, Explanation and Notes for UPSC EPFO Exam\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Labour Reforms in India are an important topic for the UPSC EPFO EO\/AO and APFC examinations, especially under Industrial Relations, Labour Laws and\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/www.oliveboard.in\/blog\/labour-reforms-in-india\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Oliveboard\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/Oliveboard\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2026-09-02T13:42:25+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2026-09-02T13:42:28+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/www.oliveboard.in\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/UPSC-EPFO-3-1.webp\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"730\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"480\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/webp\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"AditiOB\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@Oliveboard\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@Oliveboard\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"AditiOB\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"17 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"NewsArticle\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.oliveboard.in\/blog\/labour-reforms-in-india\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.oliveboard.in\/blog\/labour-reforms-in-india\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"AditiOB\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.oliveboard.in\/blog\/#\/schema\/person\/0cbc4ac8555ced346681804861de062c\"},\"headline\":\"Labour Reforms in India, Explanation and Notes for UPSC EPFO Exam\",\"datePublished\":\"2026-09-02T13:42:25+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2026-09-02T13:42:28+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.oliveboard.in\/blog\/labour-reforms-in-india\/\"},\"wordCount\":3379,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.oliveboard.in\/blog\/#organization\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.oliveboard.in\/blog\/labour-reforms-in-india\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\/\/www.oliveboard.in\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/UPSC-EPFO-3-1.webp\",\"keywords\":[\"Labour Reforms in India\"],\"articleSection\":[\"EPFO\",\"Government Exams\",\"UPSC EPFO\"],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"},{\"@type\":[\"WebPage\",\"FAQPage\"],\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.oliveboard.in\/blog\/labour-reforms-in-india\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.oliveboard.in\/blog\/labour-reforms-in-india\/\",\"name\":\"Labour Reforms in India, Explanation and Notes for UPSC EPFO Exam\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.oliveboard.in\/blog\/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.oliveboard.in\/blog\/labour-reforms-in-india\/#primaryimage\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.oliveboard.in\/blog\/labour-reforms-in-india\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\/\/www.oliveboard.in\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/UPSC-EPFO-3-1.webp\",\"datePublished\":\"2026-09-02T13:42:25+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2026-09-02T13:42:28+00:00\",\"description\":\"Understand Labour Reforms in India and the four Labour Codes that shape industrial relations and social security in the country.\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.oliveboard.in\/blog\/labour-reforms-in-india\/#breadcrumb\"},\"mainEntity\":[{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.oliveboard.in\/blog\/labour-reforms-in-india\/#faq-question-1756890856578\"},{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.oliveboard.in\/blog\/labour-reforms-in-india\/#faq-question-1756890923440\"},{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.oliveboard.in\/blog\/labour-reforms-in-india\/#faq-question-1756890939865\"},{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.oliveboard.in\/blog\/labour-reforms-in-india\/#faq-question-1756890957778\"},{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.oliveboard.in\/blog\/labour-reforms-in-india\/#faq-question-1756890974345\"}],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\/\/www.oliveboard.in\/blog\/labour-reforms-in-india\/\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.oliveboard.in\/blog\/labour-reforms-in-india\/#primaryimage\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.oliveboard.in\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/UPSC-EPFO-3-1.webp\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\/\/www.oliveboard.in\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/UPSC-EPFO-3-1.webp\",\"width\":730,\"height\":480},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.oliveboard.in\/blog\/labour-reforms-in-india\/#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Home\",\"item\":\"https:\/\/www.oliveboard.in\/blog\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"Government Exams\",\"item\":\"https:\/\/www.oliveboard.in\/blog\/category\/government-exams\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":3,\"name\":\"EPFO\",\"item\":\"https:\/\/www.oliveboard.in\/blog\/category\/government-exams\/epfo\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":4,\"name\":\"UPSC EPFO\",\"item\":\"https:\/\/www.oliveboard.in\/blog\/category\/government-exams\/epfo\/upsc-epfo\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":5,\"name\":\"Labour Reforms in India\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.oliveboard.in\/blog\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.oliveboard.in\/blog\/\",\"name\":\"Oliveboard\",\"description\":\"Free Govt. Exam Alerts &amp; Resources\",\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.oliveboard.in\/blog\/#organization\"},\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\/\/www.oliveboard.in\/blog\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":{\"@type\":\"PropertyValueSpecification\",\"valueRequired\":true,\"valueName\":\"search_term_string\"}}],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"},{\"@type\":\"Organization\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.oliveboard.in\/blog\/#organization\",\"name\":\"Oliveboard\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.oliveboard.in\/blog\/\",\"logo\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.oliveboard.in\/blog\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.oliveboard.in\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/logo.png\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\/\/www.oliveboard.in\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/logo.png\",\"width\":150,\"height\":40,\"caption\":\"Oliveboard\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.oliveboard.in\/blog\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/\"},\"sameAs\":[\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/Oliveboard\",\"https:\/\/x.com\/Oliveboard\",\"https:\/\/www.instagram.com\/oliveboard.in\/\",\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/channel\/UCRvrHAyNdOMI_JBkE2pjZtw?sub_confirmation=1\"]},{\"@type\":\"Person\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.oliveboard.in\/blog\/#\/schema\/person\/0cbc4ac8555ced346681804861de062c\",\"name\":\"AditiOB\",\"image\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.oliveboard.in\/blog\/#\/schema\/person\/image\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/d1e881725409eac0bd9260c141e2a522d2a6a86c9dfeba73e8523e493f39e045?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/d1e881725409eac0bd9260c141e2a522d2a6a86c9dfeba73e8523e493f39e045?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"caption\":\"AditiOB\"},\"description\":\"Hi, I\u2019m Aditi. I work as a Content Writer at Oliveboard, where I have been simplifying exam-related content for the past 4 years. I create clear and easy-to-understand guides for JAIIB, CAIIB, and UGC exams. My work includes breaking down notifications, admit cards, and exam updates, as well as preparing study plans and subject-wise strategies. My goal is to support working professionals in managing their exam preparation alongside a full-time job and to help them achieve career growth.\",\"sameAs\":[\"www.linkedin.com\/in\/aditi-chakraborty-131b3b379\"]},{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.oliveboard.in\/blog\/labour-reforms-in-india\/#faq-question-1756890856578\",\"position\":1,\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.oliveboard.in\/blog\/labour-reforms-in-india\/#faq-question-1756890856578\",\"name\":\"1. What are Labour Reforms in India?\",\"answerCount\":1,\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"Labour reforms are changes made to labour laws to simplify regulations and improve worker rights, wages, social security and workplace conditions.\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"},\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"},{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.oliveboard.in\/blog\/labour-reforms-in-india\/#faq-question-1756890923440\",\"position\":2,\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.oliveboard.in\/blog\/labour-reforms-in-india\/#faq-question-1756890923440\",\"name\":\"2. How many Central labour laws were consolidated into the four Labour Codes?\",\"answerCount\":1,\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"A total of 29 Central labour laws were consolidated into four Labour Codes.\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"},\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"},{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.oliveboard.in\/blog\/labour-reforms-in-india\/#faq-question-1756890939865\",\"position\":3,\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.oliveboard.in\/blog\/labour-reforms-in-india\/#faq-question-1756890939865\",\"name\":\"3. What are the four Labour Codes in India?\",\"answerCount\":1,\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"The four Codes are the Code on Wages, Industrial Relations Code, Code on Social Security, and OSH &amp; WC Code.\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"},\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"},{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.oliveboard.in\/blog\/labour-reforms-in-india\/#faq-question-1756890957778\",\"position\":4,\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.oliveboard.in\/blog\/labour-reforms-in-india\/#faq-question-1756890957778\",\"name\":\"4. When did the four Labour Codes come into force?\",\"answerCount\":1,\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"The four Labour Codes came into force across India on 21 November 2025.\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"},\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"},{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.oliveboard.in\/blog\/labour-reforms-in-india\/#faq-question-1756890974345\",\"position\":5,\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.oliveboard.in\/blog\/labour-reforms-in-india\/#faq-question-1756890974345\",\"name\":\"5. Which Labour Code deals with minimum wages?\",\"answerCount\":1,\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"The Code on Wages, 2019 deals with minimum wages, payment of wages, bonus and related matters.\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"},\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO Premium plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"Labour Reforms in India, Explanation and Notes for UPSC EPFO Exam","description":"Understand Labour Reforms in India and the four Labour Codes that shape industrial relations and social security in the country.","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/www.oliveboard.in\/blog\/labour-reforms-in-india\/","og_locale":"en_US","og_type":"article","og_title":"Labour Reforms in India, Explanation and Notes for UPSC EPFO Exam","og_description":"Labour Reforms in India are an important topic for the UPSC EPFO EO\/AO and APFC examinations, especially under Industrial Relations, Labour Laws and","og_url":"https:\/\/www.oliveboard.in\/blog\/labour-reforms-in-india\/","og_site_name":"Oliveboard","article_publisher":"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/Oliveboard","article_published_time":"2026-09-02T13:42:25+00:00","article_modified_time":"2026-09-02T13:42:28+00:00","og_image":[{"width":730,"height":480,"url":"https:\/\/www.oliveboard.in\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/UPSC-EPFO-3-1.webp","type":"image\/webp"}],"author":"AditiOB","twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_creator":"@Oliveboard","twitter_site":"@Oliveboard","twitter_misc":{"Written by":"AditiOB","Est. reading time":"17 minutes"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"NewsArticle","@id":"https:\/\/www.oliveboard.in\/blog\/labour-reforms-in-india\/#article","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.oliveboard.in\/blog\/labour-reforms-in-india\/"},"author":{"name":"AditiOB","@id":"https:\/\/www.oliveboard.in\/blog\/#\/schema\/person\/0cbc4ac8555ced346681804861de062c"},"headline":"Labour Reforms in India, Explanation and Notes for UPSC EPFO Exam","datePublished":"2026-09-02T13:42:25+00:00","dateModified":"2026-09-02T13:42:28+00:00","mainEntityOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.oliveboard.in\/blog\/labour-reforms-in-india\/"},"wordCount":3379,"publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.oliveboard.in\/blog\/#organization"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.oliveboard.in\/blog\/labour-reforms-in-india\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/www.oliveboard.in\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/UPSC-EPFO-3-1.webp","keywords":["Labour Reforms in India"],"articleSection":["EPFO","Government Exams","UPSC EPFO"],"inLanguage":"en-US"},{"@type":["WebPage","FAQPage"],"@id":"https:\/\/www.oliveboard.in\/blog\/labour-reforms-in-india\/","url":"https:\/\/www.oliveboard.in\/blog\/labour-reforms-in-india\/","name":"Labour Reforms in India, Explanation and Notes for UPSC EPFO Exam","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.oliveboard.in\/blog\/#website"},"primaryImageOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.oliveboard.in\/blog\/labour-reforms-in-india\/#primaryimage"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.oliveboard.in\/blog\/labour-reforms-in-india\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/www.oliveboard.in\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/UPSC-EPFO-3-1.webp","datePublished":"2026-09-02T13:42:25+00:00","dateModified":"2026-09-02T13:42:28+00:00","description":"Understand Labour Reforms in India and the four Labour Codes that shape industrial relations and social security in the country.","breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.oliveboard.in\/blog\/labour-reforms-in-india\/#breadcrumb"},"mainEntity":[{"@id":"https:\/\/www.oliveboard.in\/blog\/labour-reforms-in-india\/#faq-question-1756890856578"},{"@id":"https:\/\/www.oliveboard.in\/blog\/labour-reforms-in-india\/#faq-question-1756890923440"},{"@id":"https:\/\/www.oliveboard.in\/blog\/labour-reforms-in-india\/#faq-question-1756890939865"},{"@id":"https:\/\/www.oliveboard.in\/blog\/labour-reforms-in-india\/#faq-question-1756890957778"},{"@id":"https:\/\/www.oliveboard.in\/blog\/labour-reforms-in-india\/#faq-question-1756890974345"}],"inLanguage":"en-US","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/www.oliveboard.in\/blog\/labour-reforms-in-india\/"]}]},{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/www.oliveboard.in\/blog\/labour-reforms-in-india\/#primaryimage","url":"https:\/\/www.oliveboard.in\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/UPSC-EPFO-3-1.webp","contentUrl":"https:\/\/www.oliveboard.in\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/UPSC-EPFO-3-1.webp","width":730,"height":480},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/www.oliveboard.in\/blog\/labour-reforms-in-india\/#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Home","item":"https:\/\/www.oliveboard.in\/blog\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"Government Exams","item":"https:\/\/www.oliveboard.in\/blog\/category\/government-exams\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":3,"name":"EPFO","item":"https:\/\/www.oliveboard.in\/blog\/category\/government-exams\/epfo\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":4,"name":"UPSC EPFO","item":"https:\/\/www.oliveboard.in\/blog\/category\/government-exams\/epfo\/upsc-epfo\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":5,"name":"Labour Reforms in India"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/www.oliveboard.in\/blog\/#website","url":"https:\/\/www.oliveboard.in\/blog\/","name":"Oliveboard","description":"Free Govt. Exam Alerts &amp; Resources","publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.oliveboard.in\/blog\/#organization"},"potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/www.oliveboard.in\/blog\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":{"@type":"PropertyValueSpecification","valueRequired":true,"valueName":"search_term_string"}}],"inLanguage":"en-US"},{"@type":"Organization","@id":"https:\/\/www.oliveboard.in\/blog\/#organization","name":"Oliveboard","url":"https:\/\/www.oliveboard.in\/blog\/","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/www.oliveboard.in\/blog\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/","url":"https:\/\/www.oliveboard.in\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/logo.png","contentUrl":"https:\/\/www.oliveboard.in\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/logo.png","width":150,"height":40,"caption":"Oliveboard"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.oliveboard.in\/blog\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/"},"sameAs":["https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/Oliveboard","https:\/\/x.com\/Oliveboard","https:\/\/www.instagram.com\/oliveboard.in\/","https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/channel\/UCRvrHAyNdOMI_JBkE2pjZtw?sub_confirmation=1"]},{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/www.oliveboard.in\/blog\/#\/schema\/person\/0cbc4ac8555ced346681804861de062c","name":"AditiOB","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/www.oliveboard.in\/blog\/#\/schema\/person\/image\/","url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/d1e881725409eac0bd9260c141e2a522d2a6a86c9dfeba73e8523e493f39e045?s=96&d=mm&r=g","contentUrl":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/d1e881725409eac0bd9260c141e2a522d2a6a86c9dfeba73e8523e493f39e045?s=96&d=mm&r=g","caption":"AditiOB"},"description":"Hi, I\u2019m Aditi. I work as a Content Writer at Oliveboard, where I have been simplifying exam-related content for the past 4 years. I create clear and easy-to-understand guides for JAIIB, CAIIB, and UGC exams. My work includes breaking down notifications, admit cards, and exam updates, as well as preparing study plans and subject-wise strategies. My goal is to support working professionals in managing their exam preparation alongside a full-time job and to help them achieve career growth.","sameAs":["www.linkedin.com\/in\/aditi-chakraborty-131b3b379"]},{"@type":"Question","@id":"https:\/\/www.oliveboard.in\/blog\/labour-reforms-in-india\/#faq-question-1756890856578","position":1,"url":"https:\/\/www.oliveboard.in\/blog\/labour-reforms-in-india\/#faq-question-1756890856578","name":"1. What are Labour Reforms in India?","answerCount":1,"acceptedAnswer":{"@type":"Answer","text":"Labour reforms are changes made to labour laws to simplify regulations and improve worker rights, wages, social security and workplace conditions.","inLanguage":"en-US"},"inLanguage":"en-US"},{"@type":"Question","@id":"https:\/\/www.oliveboard.in\/blog\/labour-reforms-in-india\/#faq-question-1756890923440","position":2,"url":"https:\/\/www.oliveboard.in\/blog\/labour-reforms-in-india\/#faq-question-1756890923440","name":"2. How many Central labour laws were consolidated into the four Labour Codes?","answerCount":1,"acceptedAnswer":{"@type":"Answer","text":"A total of 29 Central labour laws were consolidated into four Labour Codes.","inLanguage":"en-US"},"inLanguage":"en-US"},{"@type":"Question","@id":"https:\/\/www.oliveboard.in\/blog\/labour-reforms-in-india\/#faq-question-1756890939865","position":3,"url":"https:\/\/www.oliveboard.in\/blog\/labour-reforms-in-india\/#faq-question-1756890939865","name":"3. What are the four Labour Codes in India?","answerCount":1,"acceptedAnswer":{"@type":"Answer","text":"The four Codes are the Code on Wages, Industrial Relations Code, Code on Social Security, and OSH &amp; WC Code.","inLanguage":"en-US"},"inLanguage":"en-US"},{"@type":"Question","@id":"https:\/\/www.oliveboard.in\/blog\/labour-reforms-in-india\/#faq-question-1756890957778","position":4,"url":"https:\/\/www.oliveboard.in\/blog\/labour-reforms-in-india\/#faq-question-1756890957778","name":"4. When did the four Labour Codes come into force?","answerCount":1,"acceptedAnswer":{"@type":"Answer","text":"The four Labour Codes came into force across India on 21 November 2025.","inLanguage":"en-US"},"inLanguage":"en-US"},{"@type":"Question","@id":"https:\/\/www.oliveboard.in\/blog\/labour-reforms-in-india\/#faq-question-1756890974345","position":5,"url":"https:\/\/www.oliveboard.in\/blog\/labour-reforms-in-india\/#faq-question-1756890974345","name":"5. Which Labour Code deals with minimum wages?","answerCount":1,"acceptedAnswer":{"@type":"Answer","text":"The Code on Wages, 2019 deals with minimum wages, payment of wages, bonus and related matters.","inLanguage":"en-US"},"inLanguage":"en-US"}]}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.oliveboard.in\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/226731","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.oliveboard.in\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.oliveboard.in\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.oliveboard.in\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/58"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.oliveboard.in\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=226731"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/www.oliveboard.in\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/226731\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":250859,"href":"https:\/\/www.oliveboard.in\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/226731\/revisions\/250859"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.oliveboard.in\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/250858"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.oliveboard.in\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=226731"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.oliveboard.in\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=226731"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.oliveboard.in\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=226731"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}