{"id":229610,"date":"2026-09-28T19:04:57","date_gmt":"2026-09-28T13:34:57","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.oliveboard.in\/blog\/?p=229610"},"modified":"2026-09-28T19:04:59","modified_gmt":"2026-09-28T13:34:59","slug":"minimum-wages-act-1948","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.oliveboard.in\/blog\/minimum-wages-act-1948\/","title":{"rendered":"How is Minimum Wages Act, 1948 Connected with Code on Wages, 2019?"},"content":{"rendered":"<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_77 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-grey ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title\" style=\"cursor:inherit\">Table of content<\/p>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-title-toggle\"><a href=\"#\" class=\"ez-toc-pull-right ez-toc-btn ez-toc-btn-xs ez-toc-btn-default ez-toc-toggle\" aria-label=\"Toggle Table of Content\"><span class=\"ez-toc-js-icon-con\"><span class=\"\"><span class=\"eztoc-hide\" style=\"display:none;\">Toggle<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-icon-toggle-span\"><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"list-377408\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/path><\/svg><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" class=\"arrow-unsorted-368013\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"10px\" height=\"10px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.2\" baseProfile=\"tiny\"><path d=\"M18.2 9.3l-6.2-6.3-6.2 6.3c-.2.2-.3.4-.3.7s.1.5.3.7c.2.2.4.3.7.3h11c.3 0 .5-.1.7-.3.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7zM5.8 14.7l6.2 6.3 6.2-6.3c.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7c-.2-.2-.4-.3-.7-.3h-11c-.3 0-.5.1-.7.3-.2.2-.3.5-.3.7s.1.5.3.7z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 eztoc-toggle-hide-by-default' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/www.oliveboard.in\/blog\/minimum-wages-act-1948\/#Download_UPSC_EPFO_APFC_Minimum_Wages_Act_1948_Quiz_PDF\" >Download UPSC EPFO APFC Minimum Wages Act 1948 Quiz PDF<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/www.oliveboard.in\/blog\/minimum-wages-act-1948\/#Attempt_UPSC_EPFO_APFC_Minimum_Wages_Act_1948_Quiz\" >Attempt UPSC EPFO APFC Minimum Wages Act 1948 Quiz<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/www.oliveboard.in\/blog\/minimum-wages-act-1948\/#Sign_Up\" >Sign Up<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/www.oliveboard.in\/blog\/minimum-wages-act-1948\/#Login\" >Login<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/www.oliveboard.in\/blog\/minimum-wages-act-1948\/#Forgot_Password\" >Forgot Password<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6\" href=\"https:\/\/www.oliveboard.in\/blog\/minimum-wages-act-1948\/#i\" >&nbsp;<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-7\" href=\"https:\/\/www.oliveboard.in\/blog\/minimum-wages-act-1948\/#What_is_the_Minimum_Wages_Act_1948\" >What is the Minimum Wages Act, 1948?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-8\" href=\"https:\/\/www.oliveboard.in\/blog\/minimum-wages-act-1948\/#Why_was_the_Minimum_Wages_Act_1948_enacted\" >Why was the Minimum Wages Act, 1948 enacted?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-9\" href=\"https:\/\/www.oliveboard.in\/blog\/minimum-wages-act-1948\/#What_was_the_applicability_of_the_Minimum_Wages_Act\" >What was the applicability of the Minimum Wages Act?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-10\" href=\"https:\/\/www.oliveboard.in\/blog\/minimum-wages-act-1948\/#Who_fixed_minimum_wages_under_the_Act\" >Who fixed minimum wages under the Act?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-11\" href=\"https:\/\/www.oliveboard.in\/blog\/minimum-wages-act-1948\/#What_are_the_different_types_of_minimum_wage_rates\" >What are the different types of minimum wage rates?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-12\" href=\"https:\/\/www.oliveboard.in\/blog\/minimum-wages-act-1948\/#What_were_the_main_provisions_of_the_Minimum_Wages_Act\" >What were the main provisions of the Minimum Wages Act?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-13\" href=\"https:\/\/www.oliveboard.in\/blog\/minimum-wages-act-1948\/#What_was_the_role_of_Section_3_of_the_Minimum_Wages_Act\" >What was the role of Section 3 of the Minimum Wages Act?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-14\" href=\"https:\/\/www.oliveboard.in\/blog\/minimum-wages-act-1948\/#How_were_minimum_wages_fixed_and_revised_under_Section_5\" >How were minimum wages fixed and revised under Section 5?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-15\" href=\"https:\/\/www.oliveboard.in\/blog\/minimum-wages-act-1948\/#What_were_the_components_of_minimum_wages_under_Section_4\" >What were the components of minimum wages under Section 4?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-16\" href=\"https:\/\/www.oliveboard.in\/blog\/minimum-wages-act-1948\/#What_were_the_provisions_related_to_working_hours_and_overtime\" >What were the provisions related to working hours and overtime?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-17\" href=\"https:\/\/www.oliveboard.in\/blog\/minimum-wages-act-1948\/#What_were_the_enforcement_and_claims_provisions\" >What were the enforcement and claims provisions?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-18\" href=\"https:\/\/www.oliveboard.in\/blog\/minimum-wages-act-1948\/#What_is_the_relationship_between_the_Minimum_Wages_Act_and_the_Code_on_Wages_2019\" >What is the relationship between the Minimum Wages Act and the Code on Wages, 2019?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-19\" href=\"https:\/\/www.oliveboard.in\/blog\/minimum-wages-act-1948\/#Which_laws_are_consolidated_under_the_Code_on_Wages_2019\" >Which laws are consolidated under the Code on Wages, 2019?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-20\" href=\"https:\/\/www.oliveboard.in\/blog\/minimum-wages-act-1948\/#What_is_the_Floor_Wage_under_the_Code_on_Wages\" >What is the Floor Wage under the Code on Wages?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-21\" href=\"https:\/\/www.oliveboard.in\/blog\/minimum-wages-act-1948\/#How_is_the_Minimum_Wages_Act_different_from_the_Code_on_Wages\" >How is the Minimum Wages Act different from the Code on Wages?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-22\" href=\"https:\/\/www.oliveboard.in\/blog\/minimum-wages-act-1948\/#What_is_the_current_status_of_the_Minimum_Wages_Act_in_2026\" >What is the current status of the Minimum Wages Act in 2026?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-23\" href=\"https:\/\/www.oliveboard.in\/blog\/minimum-wages-act-1948\/#Why_is_the_Minimum_Wages_Act_important_for_UPSC_EPFO_exams\" >Why is the Minimum Wages Act important for UPSC EPFO exams?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-24\" href=\"https:\/\/www.oliveboard.in\/blog\/minimum-wages-act-1948\/#What_is_the_significance_of_the_Minimum_Wages_Act_1948\" >What is the significance of the Minimum Wages Act, 1948?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-25\" href=\"https:\/\/www.oliveboard.in\/blog\/minimum-wages-act-1948\/#FAQs\" >FAQs<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n\n<p>The Minimum Wages Act, 1948 is an important labour-welfare law that established a statutory framework for protecting workers from unduly low wages. It empowered the appropriate government to fix and revise minimum wages for employees in scheduled employments and provided rules related to working hours, overtime, wage payment, records and claims. Although the Act has now been subsumed under the Code on Wages, 2019, its provisions remain important for understanding the evolution of wage protection in India and are highly relevant for exams such as UPSC EPFO APFC and EO\/AO.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Download_UPSC_EPFO_APFC_Minimum_Wages_Act_1948_Quiz_PDF\"><\/span>Download UPSC EPFO APFC Minimum Wages Act 1948 Quiz PDF<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>The UPSC EPFO APFC Minimum Wages Act 1948 Quiz PDF helps aspirants revise important concepts related to minimum wage fixation, scheduled employments, wage components, working hours, overtime, advisory boards, and enforcement provisions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table><tbody><tr><th><strong>Particulars<\/strong><\/th><th><strong>Link<\/strong><\/th><\/tr><tr><td>UPSC EPFO Minimum Wages Act 1948 Quiz PDF<\/td><td><strong><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.oliveboard.in\/upsc-epfo-prep-kit\/?ref=contac-upsc-epfo-mwa-1948-pq\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Download Now<\/a><\/strong><\/strong><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>UPSC EPFO Labour Laws Practice Quiz PDF<\/td><td><strong><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.oliveboard.in\/upsc-epfo-prep-kit\/?ref=contac-upsc-epfo-mwa-1948-pq\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Download Now<\/a><\/strong><\/strong><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>UPSC EPFO APFC Previous Year Papers<\/td><td><strong><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.oliveboard.in\/blog\/upsc-epfo-previous-year-question-papers\/?ref=contac-upsc-epfo-mwa-1948-pq\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Download Now<\/a><\/strong><\/strong><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>UPSC EPFO APFC Practice Notes PDF<\/td><td><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.oliveboard.in\/labour-laws-and-industrial-relations\/?ref=contac-upsc-epfo-mwa-1948-pq\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><strong>Check Details<\/strong><\/a><\/strong><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Attempt_UPSC_EPFO_APFC_Minimum_Wages_Act_1948_Quiz\"><\/span>Attempt UPSC EPFO APFC Minimum Wages Act 1948 Quiz<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Test your preparation with the UPSC EPFO APFC Minimum Wages Act 1948 Quiz and revise important concepts related to minimum wage fixation, scheduled employments, wage components, overtime, working hours, advisory boards, and enforcement. The quiz will also help you understand the key provisions of the Act and its connection with the Code on Wages, 2019.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<!DOCTYPE html>\n<html lang=\"en\">\n<head>\n<meta charset=\"UTF-8\">\n<link rel=\"stylesheet\" href=\"https:\/\/courses.oliveboard.in\/edge\/css\/login-modal-for-blog.css\">\n\n<style>\n#quiz-1-sticky-header {\n  position: sticky;\n  top: 0;\n  z-index: 100;\n  background: #1565c0;\n  color: #fff;\n  padding: 12px 20px;\n  border-radius: 10px 10px 0 0;\n  display: flex;\n  justify-content: space-between;\n  align-items: center;\n  font-size: 16px;\n  font-weight: bold;\n  box-shadow: 0 2px 8px rgba(0,0,0,0.2);\n  margin: -20px -20px 20px -20px;\n}\n\n#quiz-1-score-badge {\n  background: rgba(255,255,255,0.2);\n  padding: 4px 12px;\n  border-radius: 20px;\n  font-size: 15px;\n  white-space: nowrap;\n}\n#quiz-1 * { box-sizing: border-box; }\n\n#quiz-1 .quiz-container {\n  max-width: 700px;\n  margin: auto;\n  padding: 20px;\n  background: #fff;\n  border-radius: 14px;\n  box-shadow: 0 6px 16px rgba(0,0,0,0.12);\n}\n\n#quiz-1 h2 {\n  text-align: center;\n}\n\n#quiz-1 .question {\n  margin-bottom: 22px;\n}\n\n#quiz-1 .question p {\n  font-weight: bold;\n}\n\n#quiz-1 button {\n  width: 100%;\n  padding: 12px;\n  margin: 6px 0;\n  border: none;\n  border-radius: 6px;\n  background: #e0e0e0;\n  color: #000;\n  font-size: 16px;\n  cursor: pointer;\n}\n\n#quiz-1 button:hover {\n  background: #d5d5d5;\n}\n\n#quiz-1 button.correct {\n  background: #4caf50;\n  color: #000;\n}\n\n#quiz-1 button.wrong {\n  background: #f44336;\n  color: #000;\n}\n\n#quiz-1 button.locked {\n  pointer-events: none;\n}\n\n\/* SUMMARY *\/\n#quiz-1 .final-summary {\n  margin-top: 40px;\n  padding: 20px;\n  border-radius: 14px;\n  background: #fafafa;\n  border: 2px solid #4caf50;\n}\n\n#quiz-1 .final-summary h3 {\n  text-align: center;\n  margin-bottom: 20px;\n}\n\n#quiz-1 .summary-row {\n  display: grid;\n  grid-template-columns: 120px 1fr 40px;\n  gap: 10px;\n  align-items: center;\n  margin-bottom: 12px;\n  font-weight: bold;\n}\n\n#quiz-1 .summary-bar {\n  height: 14px;\n  background: #ddd;\n  border-radius: 10px;\n  overflow: hidden;\n}\n\n#quiz-1 .bar-fill {\n  height: 100%;\n  width: 0%;\n}\n\n#quiz-1 .bar-attempted { background: #2196f3; }\n#quiz-1 .bar-correct { background: #4caf50; }\n#quiz-1 .bar-wrong { background: #f44336; }\n#quiz-1 .bar-unattempted { background: #9e9e9e; width: 100%; }\n\n#quiz-1 .final-score {\n  text-align: center;\n  font-size: 22px;\n  margin-top: 20px;\n}\n\n#quiz-1 .score-value {\n  font-size: 30px;\n  margin-left: 8px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<\/head>\n\n<body>\n<div id=\"quiz-1\">\n  <div class=\"quiz-container\">\n<div id=\"quiz-1-sticky-header\">\n  <span> UPSC EPFO APFC Minimum Wages Act 1948 Quiz <\/span>\n  <span id=\"quiz-1-score-badge\">Score: <strong id=\"quiz-1-score-value\">0.00<\/strong><\/span>\n<\/div>\n\n    <!-- QUESTIONS -->\n\n<div class=\"question\" data-answered=\"false\">\n  <p>1. What was the principal purpose of the Minimum Wages Act, 1948?<\/p>\n  <button data-correct=\"true\">To provide for fixation of minimum rates of wages in specified employments<\/button>\n  <button data-correct=\"false\">To regulate trade union registration<\/button>\n  <button data-correct=\"false\">To create a universal pension scheme<\/button>\n  <button data-correct=\"false\">To regulate industrial licensing<\/button>\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"question\" data-answered=\"false\">\n  <p>2. The Minimum Wages Act, 1948 is Act No. ____ of 1948.<\/p>\n  <button data-correct=\"true\">11<\/button>\n  <button data-correct=\"false\">8<\/button>\n  <button data-correct=\"false\">21<\/button>\n  <button data-correct=\"false\">29<\/button>\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"question\" data-answered=\"false\">\n  <p>3. The Minimum Wages Act, 1948 came into force on:<\/p>\n  <button data-correct=\"false\">26 January 1950<\/button>\n  <button data-correct=\"false\">1 April 1949<\/button>\n  <button data-correct=\"false\">8 August 1948<\/button>\n  <button data-correct=\"true\">15 March 1948<\/button>\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"question\" data-answered=\"false\">\n  <p>4. Under the Minimum Wages Act, 1948, minimum-wage protection was primarily linked to:<\/p>\n  <button data-correct=\"false\">All contracts of employment without distinction<\/button>\n  <button data-correct=\"true\">Scheduled employments<\/button>\n  <button data-correct=\"false\">Only government servants<\/button>\n  <button data-correct=\"false\">Only factories employing 100 or more workers<\/button>\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"question\" data-answered=\"false\">\n  <p>5. Part II of the Schedule to the Minimum Wages Act, 1948 primarily dealt with:<\/p>\n  <button data-correct=\"true\">Employment in agriculture<\/button>\n  <button data-correct=\"false\">Employment in mines only<\/button>\n  <button data-correct=\"false\">Banking employment<\/button>\n  <button data-correct=\"false\">Central Government offices<\/button>\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"question\" data-answered=\"false\">\n  <p>6. Which authority fixed minimum rates of wages under the Minimum Wages Act, 1948?<\/p>\n  <button data-correct=\"false\">The Supreme Court<\/button>\n  <button data-correct=\"false\">The Finance Commission<\/button>\n  <button data-correct=\"true\">The appropriate Government<\/button>\n  <button data-correct=\"false\">The Election Commission<\/button>\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"question\" data-answered=\"false\">\n  <p>7. Under the Minimum Wages Act, the interval for review of minimum wages was ordinarily not to exceed:<\/p>\n  <button data-correct=\"true\">Five years<\/button>\n  <button data-correct=\"false\">One year<\/button>\n  <button data-correct=\"false\">Three years<\/button>\n  <button data-correct=\"false\">Ten years<\/button>\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"question\" data-answered=\"false\">\n  <p>8. Which of the following was a recognised type of minimum wage rate under the Minimum Wages Act, 1948?<\/p>\n  <button data-correct=\"false\">Minimum dividend rate<\/button>\n  <button data-correct=\"false\">Minimum pension rate<\/button>\n  <button data-correct=\"false\">Minimum gratuity rate<\/button>\n  <button data-correct=\"true\">Minimum time rate<\/button>\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"question\" data-answered=\"false\">\n  <p>9. A minimum piece rate under the 1948 Act was particularly relevant when wages were linked to:<\/p>\n  <button data-correct=\"false\">Length of service only<\/button>\n  <button data-correct=\"false\">Age of the worker<\/button>\n  <button data-correct=\"true\">Quantity or units of output<\/button>\n  <button data-correct=\"false\">Number of dependants<\/button>\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"question\" data-answered=\"false\">\n  <p>10. The guaranteed time rate under the Minimum Wages Act was designed mainly to protect:<\/p>\n  <button data-correct=\"false\">Only apprentices<\/button>\n  <button data-correct=\"true\">Certain employees engaged in piece work<\/button>\n  <button data-correct=\"false\">Only managerial employees<\/button>\n  <button data-correct=\"false\">Only pensioners<\/button>\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"question\" data-answered=\"false\">\n  <p>11. Section 4 of the Minimum Wages Act, 1948 dealt with:<\/p>\n  <button data-correct=\"false\">Registration of trade unions<\/button>\n  <button data-correct=\"true\">The composition of minimum rates of wages<\/button>\n  <button data-correct=\"false\">Retrenchment compensation<\/button>\n  <button data-correct=\"false\">Maternity benefits<\/button>\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"question\" data-answered=\"false\">\n  <p>12. A cost-of-living allowance under the Minimum Wages Act was intended to respond to changes in:<\/p>\n  <button data-correct=\"true\">The cost of living index<\/button>\n  <button data-correct=\"false\">Corporate tax rates<\/button>\n  <button data-correct=\"false\">Import duties<\/button>\n  <button data-correct=\"false\">Election expenditure<\/button>\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"question\" data-answered=\"false\">\n  <p>13. Which statement correctly describes an all-inclusive minimum rate under the 1948 Act?<\/p>\n  <button data-correct=\"false\">It includes only overtime pay<\/button>\n  <button data-correct=\"true\">It may include the basic rate, cost-of-living allowance and cash value of concessions<\/button>\n  <button data-correct=\"false\">It excludes all allowances by definition<\/button>\n  <button data-correct=\"false\">It is fixed only by private agreement<\/button>\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"question\" data-answered=\"false\">\n  <p>14. The procedure for fixing and revising minimum wages under the Minimum Wages Act was principally contained in:<\/p>\n  <button data-correct=\"false\">Section 2<\/button>\n  <button data-correct=\"true\">Section 5<\/button>\n  <button data-correct=\"false\">Section 18<\/button>\n  <button data-correct=\"false\">Section 27<\/button>\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"question\" data-answered=\"false\">\n  <p>15. Under the committee method, the appropriate Government could appoint:<\/p>\n  <button data-correct=\"false\">Only judicial tribunals<\/button>\n  <button data-correct=\"false\">Only parliamentary committees<\/button>\n  <button data-correct=\"false\">Private auditors with final wage-setting power<\/button>\n  <button data-correct=\"true\">Committees and sub-committees to hold enquiries and advise it<\/button>\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"question\" data-answered=\"false\">\n  <p>16. Under the notification method for minimum-wage fixation, the Government first published:<\/p>\n  <button data-correct=\"true\">Proposals for the information of persons likely to be affected<\/button>\n  <button data-correct=\"false\">A final criminal judgment<\/button>\n  <button data-correct=\"false\">An industrial licence<\/button>\n  <button data-correct=\"false\">A union registration certificate<\/button>\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"question\" data-answered=\"false\">\n  <p>17. The Advisory Board under the Minimum Wages Act was provided by:<\/p>\n  <button data-correct=\"false\">Section 3<\/button>\n  <button data-correct=\"false\">Section 14<\/button>\n  <button data-correct=\"false\">Section 25<\/button>\n  <button data-correct=\"true\">Section 7<\/button>\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"question\" data-answered=\"false\">\n  <p>18. The Central Advisory Board under the Minimum Wages Act was provided by:<\/p>\n  <button data-correct=\"false\">Section 4<\/button>\n  <button data-correct=\"false\">Section 12<\/button>\n  <button data-correct=\"false\">Section 20<\/button>\n  <button data-correct=\"true\">Section 8<\/button>\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"question\" data-answered=\"false\">\n  <p>19. The composition of committees and advisory bodies under the Minimum Wages Act reflected representation of:<\/p>\n  <button data-correct=\"false\">Only employers<\/button>\n  <button data-correct=\"false\">Only employees<\/button>\n  <button data-correct=\"true\">Employers, employees and independent persons<\/button>\n  <button data-correct=\"false\">Only judges<\/button>\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"question\" data-answered=\"false\">\n  <p>20. Under Section 11 of the Minimum Wages Act, the normal rule was that minimum wages should be paid:<\/p>\n  <button data-correct=\"false\">Only in foodgrains<\/button>\n  <button data-correct=\"false\">Only through shares<\/button>\n  <button data-correct=\"false\">Only in kind<\/button>\n  <button data-correct=\"true\">In cash<\/button>\n<\/div>\n\n    <!-- FINAL SUMMARY -->\n    <div class=\"final-summary\">\n      <h3>Quiz Summary <\/h3>\n\n      <div class=\"summary-row\">\n        <span>Attempted<\/span>\n        <div class=\"summary-bar\"><div class=\"bar-fill bar-attempted\" data-summary=\"attempted\"><\/div><\/div>\n        <span data-count=\"attempted\">0<\/span>\n      <\/div>\n\n      <div class=\"summary-row\">\n        <span>Correct<\/span>\n        <div class=\"summary-bar\"><div class=\"bar-fill bar-correct\" data-summary=\"correct\"><\/div><\/div>\n        <span data-count=\"correct\">0<\/span>\n      <\/div>\n\n      <div class=\"summary-row\">\n        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The Act came into force on 15 March 1948 and placed responsibility for fixing and revising minimum wages on the appropriate government. Its original framework was based on scheduled employments, with different rates possible based on factors such as skill, locality and type of work.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table><tbody><tr><td><strong>Particular<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>Details<\/strong><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Name<\/td><td>Minimum Wages Act, 1948<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Act No.<\/td><td>11 of 1948<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Came into force<\/td><td>15 March 1948<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Main purpose<\/td><td>Fixation and revision of minimum wages<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Appropriate Government<\/td><td>Central Government or State Government, as applicable<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Original coverage<\/td><td>Scheduled employments<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Wage revision<\/td><td>At intervals not exceeding 5 years<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Successor legislation<\/td><td>Code on Wages, 2019<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-why-was-the-minimum-wages-act-1948-enacted\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Why_was_the_Minimum_Wages_Act_1948_enacted\"><\/span>Why was the Minimum Wages Act, 1948 enacted?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>The main purpose of the Act was to protect workers who had weak bargaining power and were vulnerable to very low wages. It gave the government the power to establish a legal wage floor for specified employments. The Act also recognised that wage protection was connected with wider labour welfare and social justice. It therefore covered not only minimum wage rates but also matters such as working hours, rest days, overtime and recovery of unpaid amounts.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Prevent exploitation of labour:<\/strong> It protected workers from being paid wages below the legally prescribed minimum.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Provide a statutory wage floor:<\/strong> The government could fix minimum rates for specified employments.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Promote social justice:<\/strong> Minimum wage protection supported better economic conditions for vulnerable workers.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Protect workers with weak bargaining power:<\/strong> The law reduced dependence on individual bargaining between employers and workers.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Support better industrial relations:<\/strong> Clear wage standards could help reduce disputes related to very low wages.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Adjust wages to economic conditions:<\/strong> The Act provided for review and revision of minimum wage rates.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-what-was-the-applicability-of-the-minimum-wages-act\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"What_was_the_applicability_of_the_Minimum_Wages_Act\"><\/span>What was the applicability of the Minimum Wages Act?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>A key feature of the 1948 Act was its focus on <strong>scheduled employments<\/strong>. Unlike the broader framework under the Code on Wages, the original Act did not provide a universal minimum-wage entitlement across every employment. The appropriate government could fix minimum wages for employments included in the Schedule and could also add employments to the Schedule following the statutory procedure.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>The Act applied to scheduled employments.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The Schedule broadly contained Part I and Part II.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Part II related to employment in agriculture.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The Central Government and State Governments acted as the appropriate government, depending on the employment concerned.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Different minimum rates could be fixed for different skills, classes of work and localities.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The wage framework could distinguish between unskilled, semi-skilled, skilled and other categories, where prescribed.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>State Governments could add employments to the Schedule under the Act.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-who-fixed-minimum-wages-under-the-act\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Who_fixed_minimum_wages_under_the_Act\"><\/span>Who fixed minimum wages under the Act?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>The appropriate government was responsible for fixing and revising minimum wages under the Act. Depending on the employment, the appropriate government could be the Central Government or the concerned State Government. The government could prescribe different rates based on the nature of work, skill, locality and other relevant factors.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Identify or notify scheduled employments.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Fix minimum rates of wages.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Review existing minimum wage rates.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Revise rates when required.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Prescribe different rates for different categories and localities.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Regulate certain matters related to working hours and rest days.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Authorise payment in kind in permitted circumstances.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-what-are-the-different-types-of-minimum-wage-rates\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"What_are_the_different_types_of_minimum_wage_rates\"><\/span>What are the different types of minimum wage rates?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>The Act recognised different forms of wage rates depending on the nature of employment and the method of payment. This allowed the government to frame wage rates for both time-based and output-based work. The important types included minimum time rates, minimum piece rates, guaranteed time rates and overtime rates.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table><tbody><tr><td><strong>Type<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>Meaning<\/strong><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Minimum Time Rate<\/td><td>Minimum wage based on a unit of time such as an hour, day or month<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Minimum Piece Rate<\/td><td>Minimum wage based on the quantity or number of units produced<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Guaranteed Time Rate<\/td><td>Minimum earnings protection for certain piece-rate workers<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Overtime Rate<\/td><td>Rate applicable to work performed beyond prescribed normal working hours<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-what-were-the-main-provisions-of-the-minimum-wages-act\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"What_were_the_main_provisions_of_the_Minimum_Wages_Act\"><\/span>What were the main provisions of the Minimum Wages Act?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>The Act contained provisions dealing with wage fixation, wage components, working hours, overtime, records, inspections and claims. These provisions created a complete legal framework for protecting minimum wage rights in scheduled employments. The Act also prevented workers from simply giving up their statutory minimum-wage entitlement through private agreements.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Fixation of minimum wages:<\/strong> The appropriate government could fix minimum rates for scheduled employments.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Revision of wages:<\/strong> Minimum wages had to be reviewed and revised at intervals not exceeding <strong>five years<\/strong>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Payment of minimum wages:<\/strong> Employers were required to pay wages at least equal to the prescribed minimum rate.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Wages in kind:<\/strong> Wages were generally payable in cash, but payment wholly or partly in kind could be permitted in specified circumstances.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Normal working day:<\/strong> The government could prescribe normal working hours, rest intervals and weekly rest.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Overtime:<\/strong> Workers performing work beyond normal working hours were entitled to overtime wages as prescribed.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Records and registers:<\/strong> Employers were required to maintain prescribed wage and employment records.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Inspection:<\/strong> Inspectors could examine establishments, records and wage-related information.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Claims:<\/strong> Authorities could hear claims relating to underpayment, overtime and other amounts payable under the Act.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Contracting out:<\/strong> An agreement reducing or giving up a worker&#8217;s statutory minimum-wage right could not defeat the protection provided by the Act.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-what-was-the-role-of-section-3-of-the-minimum-wages-act\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"What_was_the_role_of_Section_3_of_the_Minimum_Wages_Act\"><\/span>What was the role of Section 3 of the Minimum Wages Act?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Section 3<\/strong> was one of the core provisions of the Act. It dealt with the fixation of minimum rates of wages by the appropriate government for employees in scheduled employments. The government could prescribe different rates for different employments, classes of work, adults and different localities, depending on the statutory framework.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Deals with fixation of minimum rates of wages.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Applies to employees in scheduled employments.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Allows different rates for different categories of work.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Rates may differ according to locality and nature of work.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The appropriate government is responsible for fixation.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-how-were-minimum-wages-fixed-and-revised-under-section-5\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"How_were_minimum_wages_fixed_and_revised_under_Section_5\"><\/span>How were minimum wages fixed and revised under Section 5?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Section 5 provided two main methods for fixing or revising minimum wages: the Committee Method and the Notification Method. Under the Committee Method, committees or sub-committees could conduct enquiries and advise the government. Under the Notification Method, proposals could be published in the Official Gazette and representations could be considered before final rates were notified.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table><tbody><tr><td><strong>Method<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>Key Feature<\/strong><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Committee Method<\/td><td>Committees\/sub-committees conduct enquiries and advise the government<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Notification Method<\/td><td>Government publishes proposals and considers representations before final notification<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-what-were-the-components-of-minimum-wages-under-section-4\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"What_were_the_components_of_minimum_wages_under_Section_4\"><\/span>What were the components of minimum wages under Section 4?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Section 4<\/strong> allowed minimum wages to be structured using different components. These could include a basic rate along with a cost-of-living allowance, the cash value of certain concessions, or an all-inclusive rate. The cost-of-living component was important because it allowed wages to respond to changes in the cost of living.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Basic rate + special allowance linked to changes in the cost of living.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Basic rate with or without cost-of-living allowance plus the cash value of concessions.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>An <strong>all-inclusive rate<\/strong> covering the relevant wage components.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The cost-of-living adjustment was commonly associated with Variable Dearness Allowance (VDA).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-buttons is-content-justification-center is-layout-flex wp-container-core-buttons-is-layout-16018d1d wp-block-buttons-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-button\"><a class=\"wp-block-button__link wp-element-button\" href=\"https:\/\/www.oliveboard.in\/upsc-epfo-apfc\/?ref=contac-upsc-epfo-mwa-1948-pq\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Enroll  for UPSC EPFO APFC Online Courses<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-what-were-the-provisions-related-to-working-hours-and-overtime\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"What_were_the_provisions_related_to_working_hours_and_overtime\"><\/span>What were the provisions related to working hours and overtime?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>The Minimum Wages Act also addressed working-time conditions connected with minimum wage protection. The appropriate government could prescribe a normal working day, rest intervals and weekly rest. <strong>Section 14<\/strong> dealt with overtime and provided for payment at the prescribed overtime rate when an employee worked beyond the normal working day.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Section 13:<\/strong> Normal working day and rest-related provisions.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Section 14:<\/strong> Overtime wages.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Section 15:<\/strong> Rules concerning employees working less than a normal working day.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Section 16:<\/strong> Payment where an employee performs two or more classes of work.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Section 17:<\/strong> Protection for certain piece-rate workers.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-what-were-the-enforcement-and-claims-provisions\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"What_were_the_enforcement_and_claims_provisions\"><\/span>What were the enforcement and claims provisions?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>The Act created mechanisms to monitor compliance and recover wages that were legally due. Employers were required to maintain prescribed records, while Inspectors could examine establishments and wage-related documents. Under <strong>Section 20<\/strong>, an authority could hear claims relating to payment below the minimum wage, overtime, rest-day remuneration and other amounts payable under the Act.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Section 18:<\/strong> Registers and records.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Section 19:<\/strong> Appointment and powers of Inspectors.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Section 20:<\/strong> Claims relating to amounts payable.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Section 21:<\/strong> Group applications for eligible wage claims.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Section 22:<\/strong> Penalties for specified violations.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Section 25:<\/strong> Protection against contracting out of statutory rights.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Section 27:<\/strong> Power to add employments to the Schedule.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-what-is-the-relationship-between-the-minimum-wages-act-and-the-code-on-wages-2019\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"What_is_the_relationship_between_the_Minimum_Wages_Act_and_the_Code_on_Wages_2019\"><\/span>What is the relationship between the Minimum Wages Act and the Code on Wages, 2019?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>The Code on Wages, 2019 carries forward the core principle of minimum wage protection while creating a broader and consolidated legal framework. It consolidates four earlier central wage laws and removes the scheduled-employment model as the basic gateway to minimum-wage protection. The Code also introduces the concept of a floor wage, standardises the definition of wages and integrates provisions relating to payment of wages, bonus and equal remuneration.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Minimum Wages Act, 1948:<\/strong> Established statutory minimum-wage protection for workers in scheduled employments.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Separate Wage Laws:<\/strong> Over time, India had separate laws dealing with minimum wages, payment of wages, bonus and equal remuneration.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Need for Consolidation:<\/strong> These separate laws were brought together to create a more unified wage framework.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Code on Wages, 2019:<\/strong> Consolidated the four major wage-related laws, including the Minimum Wages Act, 1948.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Broader Coverage:<\/strong> The Code moved beyond the earlier scheduled-employment model and broadened minimum-wage protection.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Floor Wage:<\/strong> The Code introduced a statutory Floor Wage under Section 9.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Unified Framework:<\/strong> Provisions related to minimum wages, payment of wages, bonus and equal remuneration are now covered under one Code.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-which-laws-are-consolidated-under-the-code-on-wages-2019\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Which_laws_are_consolidated_under_the_Code_on_Wages_2019\"><\/span>Which laws are consolidated under the Code on Wages, 2019?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>The Code on Wages, 2019 consolidates four important central wage laws. These laws dealt separately with minimum wages, payment of wages, bonus and equal remuneration. Their provisions have now been brought together under one consolidated Code.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table><tbody><tr><td><strong>Earlier Law<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>Year<\/strong><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Payment of Wages Act<\/td><td>1936<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Minimum Wages Act<\/td><td>1948<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Payment of Bonus Act<\/td><td>1965<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Equal Remuneration Act<\/td><td>1976<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-what-is-the-floor-wage-under-the-code-on-wages\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"What_is_the_Floor_Wage_under_the_Code_on_Wages\"><\/span>What is the Floor Wage under the Code on Wages?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>The Floor Wage is a major new feature of the Code on Wages. Under Section 9, the Central Government can fix a floor wage while taking into account minimum living standards of workers. The minimum wage fixed by the appropriate government cannot be lower than the applicable floor wage. Therefore, the floor wage acts as a minimum statutory floor and not a ceiling.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Provided under Section 9 of the Code.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Fixed by the Central Government.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>May be different for different geographical areas.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The appropriate-government minimum wage cannot be below the floor wage.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>An existing higher minimum wage is not meant to be reduced merely because a floor wage is prescribed.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Floor Wage \u2260 Minimum Wage.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-how-is-the-minimum-wages-act-different-from-the-code-on-wages\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"How_is_the_Minimum_Wages_Act_different_from_the_Code_on_Wages\"><\/span>How is the Minimum Wages Act different from the Code on Wages?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>The biggest difference is the change from the <strong>scheduled-employment approach<\/strong> under the 1948 Act to a broader minimum-wage framework under the Code. The Code also brings several wage-related laws under one legislation and introduces the statutory floor wage.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table><tbody><tr><td><strong>Feature<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>Minimum Wages Act, 1948<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>Code on Wages, 2019<\/strong><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Main focus<\/td><td>Minimum wage protection<\/td><td>Consolidated wage and bonus framework<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Coverage<\/td><td>Scheduled employments<\/td><td>Broad\/universal employment coverage<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Minimum wages<\/td><td>Yes<\/td><td>Yes<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Appropriate Government<\/td><td>Central\/State<\/td><td>Central\/State<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Floor Wage<\/td><td>Not under this framework<\/td><td>Yes, Section 9<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Wage payment<\/td><td>Separate law<\/td><td>Integrated<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Bonus<\/td><td>Separate law<\/td><td>Integrated<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Equal remuneration<\/td><td>Separate law<\/td><td>Integrated<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Inspection<\/td><td>Inspector<\/td><td>Inspector-cum-Facilitator<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Advisory mechanism<\/td><td>Advisory\/Central Advisory Board<\/td><td>Central and State Advisory Boards<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Wage definition<\/td><td>Act-specific<\/td><td>More standardised consolidated definition<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Current framework<\/td><td>Subsumed<\/td><td>Operative consolidated wage framework<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-what-is-the-current-status-of-the-minimum-wages-act-in-2026\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"What_is_the_current_status_of_the_Minimum_Wages_Act_in_2026\"><\/span>What is the current status of the Minimum Wages Act in 2026?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>The Minimum Wages Act, 1948 is no longer the operative standalone central wage law. Its provisions have been subsumed into the Code on Wages, 2019. The four Labour Codes became effective from 21 November 2025, and the Code on Wages (Central) Rules, 2026 were notified on 8 May 2026. Therefore, for current compliance-related questions in 2026, the Code on Wages and applicable rules should be referred to.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Code on Wages:<\/strong> Act No. 29 of 2019<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Presidential assent:<\/strong> 8 August 2019<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Four Labour Codes effective:<\/strong> 21 November 2025<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Code on Wages (Central) Rules, 2026:<\/strong> Notified on 8 May 2026<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The Minimum Wages Act, 1948 is studied primarily as the <strong>historical and statutory foundation<\/strong> of the present minimum-wage framework.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-buttons is-content-justification-center is-layout-flex wp-container-core-buttons-is-layout-16018d1d wp-block-buttons-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-button\"><a class=\"wp-block-button__link wp-element-button\" href=\"https:\/\/www.oliveboard.in\/upsc-epfo-apfc-study-plan\/?ref=contac-upsc-epfo-mwa-1948-pq\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Check out the UPSC EPFO Study Plan<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-why-is-the-minimum-wages-act-important-for-upsc-epfo-exams\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Why_is_the_Minimum_Wages_Act_important_for_UPSC_EPFO_exams\"><\/span>Why is the Minimum Wages Act important for UPSC EPFO exams?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>The Minimum Wages Act is highly relevant for UPSC EPFO APFC and EO\/AO preparation because questions can test both its historical provisions and its relationship with the Code on Wages. Candidates should be particularly familiar with sections related to wage fixation, components, working hours, overtime, claims and the transition from scheduled employments to broader coverage.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Minimum Wages Act:<\/strong> 1948<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Act No.:<\/strong> 11 of 1948<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Came into force:<\/strong> 15 March 1948<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Original coverage:<\/strong> Scheduled employments<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Part II of Schedule:<\/strong> Agriculture<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Section 3:<\/strong> Fixation of minimum wages<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Section 4:<\/strong> Components of minimum wages<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Section 5:<\/strong> Procedure for fixation\/revision<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Section 13:<\/strong> Normal working day<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Section 14:<\/strong> Overtime<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Section 18:<\/strong> Registers and records<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Section 19:<\/strong> Inspectors<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Section 20:<\/strong> Claims<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Section 25:<\/strong> Contracting out<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Section 27:<\/strong> Addition of employments to Schedule<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Code on Wages:<\/strong> Act No. 29 of 2019<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Four laws consolidated:<\/strong> Payment of Wages, Minimum Wages, Payment of Bonus and Equal Remuneration<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Floor Wage:<\/strong> Section 9 of the Code on Wages<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Floor Wage fixed by:<\/strong> Central Government<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Inspector under the old Act:<\/strong> Inspector<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Inspector under the Code:<\/strong> Inspector-cum-Facilitator<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Four Labour Codes effective:<\/strong> 21 November 2025<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Code on Wages (Central) Rules, 2026:<\/strong> 8 May 2026<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-what-is-the-significance-of-the-minimum-wages-act-1948\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"What_is_the_significance_of_the_Minimum_Wages_Act_1948\"><\/span>What is the significance of the Minimum Wages Act, 1948?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>The Minimum Wages Act created an important statutory foundation for wage protection in India. It gave governments a formal role in fixing and revising minimum wages and provided mechanisms for working-time protection, enforcement and recovery of unpaid amounts. Its core principles continue under the Code on Wages, while the newer framework broadens coverage, introduces a statutory floor wage and brings several wage-related laws together.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Established statutory minimum wage protection.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Helped prevent exploitation of labour.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Provided government-led wage fixation and revision.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Recognised the importance of cost-of-living adjustments.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Provided protection related to overtime and working hours.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Created mechanisms for claims, records and inspection.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Supported the development of India&#8217;s broader labour welfare framework.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Became an important foundation for the Code on Wages, 2019.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-faqs\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"FAQs\"><\/span>FAQs<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"schema-faq wp-block-yoast-faq-block\"><div class=\"schema-faq-section\" id=\"faq-question-1790601229027\"><strong class=\"schema-faq-question\">1. What is the Minimum Wages Act, 1948?<\/strong> <p class=\"schema-faq-answer\">The Minimum Wages Act, 1948 provides for the fixation and revision of minimum wages for workers in scheduled employments.<\/p> <\/div> <div class=\"schema-faq-section\" id=\"faq-question-1790601229815\"><strong class=\"schema-faq-question\">2. What was the main objective of the Minimum Wages Act, 1948?<\/strong> <p class=\"schema-faq-answer\">The main objective was to protect workers from exploitation by ensuring statutory minimum wages.<\/p> <\/div> <div class=\"schema-faq-section\" id=\"faq-question-1790601230340\"><strong class=\"schema-faq-question\">3. Who fixed minimum wages under the Minimum Wages Act, 1948?<\/strong> <p class=\"schema-faq-answer\">The appropriate Government was responsible for fixing and revising minimum wages under the Act.<\/p> <\/div> <div class=\"schema-faq-section\" id=\"faq-question-1790601230953\"><strong class=\"schema-faq-question\">4. What is the Code on Wages, 2019?<\/strong> <p class=\"schema-faq-answer\">The Code on Wages, 2019 consolidates laws relating to wages, including the Minimum Wages Act, 1948.<\/p> <\/div> <div class=\"schema-faq-section\" id=\"faq-question-1790601231511\"><strong class=\"schema-faq-question\">5. How is the Minimum Wages Act, 1948 connected with the Code on Wages, 2019?<\/strong> <p class=\"schema-faq-answer\">The Code on Wages, 2019 subsumes and replaces the Minimum Wages Act, 1948 as part of a consolidated wage framework.<\/p> <\/div> <\/div>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-latest-posts__list is-grid columns-3 wp-block-latest-posts\"><li><a class=\"wp-block-latest-posts__post-title\" href=\"https:\/\/www.oliveboard.in\/blog\/upsc-epfo-apfc-indian-economy-conceptual-numerical-quiz\/\">Attempt UPSC EPFO APFC Indian Economy Conceptual &amp; Numerical Quiz<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a class=\"wp-block-latest-posts__post-title\" href=\"https:\/\/www.oliveboard.in\/blog\/upsc-epfo-apfc-computer-applications-quiz\/\">Attempt UPSC EPFO APFC Computer Applications Quiz &amp; Download PDF<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a class=\"wp-block-latest-posts__post-title\" href=\"https:\/\/www.oliveboard.in\/blog\/code-on-social-security-2020-practice-quiz\/\">UPSC EPFO APFC Code on Social Security 2020 Quiz &amp; Free PDF<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a class=\"wp-block-latest-posts__post-title\" href=\"https:\/\/www.oliveboard.in\/blog\/upsc-epfo-apfc-insurance-quiz\/\">Attempt UPSC EPFO APFC Insurance Practice Quiz &amp; Download PDF<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a class=\"wp-block-latest-posts__post-title\" href=\"https:\/\/www.oliveboard.in\/blog\/upsc-epfo-apfc-auditing-practice-quiz\/\">Attempt UPSC EPFO APFC Auditing Practice Quiz &amp; Download PDF<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a class=\"wp-block-latest-posts__post-title\" href=\"https:\/\/www.oliveboard.in\/blog\/upsc-epfo-apfc-marks-vs-cut-off\/\">UPSC EPFO APFC Marks vs Cut-Off, How to Calculate Your Score?<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>The Minimum Wages Act, 1948 is an important labour-welfare law that established a statutory framework for protecting workers from unduly<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":58,"featured_media":252735,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[10210,10321],"tags":[600,18051],"class_list":["post-229610","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-epfo","category-upsc-epfo","tag-bank-exams","tag-minimum-wages-act","generate-columns","tablet-grid-50","mobile-grid-100","grid-parent","grid-50"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v26.6 (Yoast SEO v26.6) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>How is Minimum Wages Act, 1948 Connected with Code on Wages, 2019?<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Learn about the Minimum Wages Act 1948 and its impact on labour welfare, wage fixation, and employees&#039; rights in India.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.oliveboard.in\/blog\/minimum-wages-act-1948\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"How is Minimum Wages Act, 1948 Connected with Code on Wages, 2019?\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"The Minimum Wages Act, 1948 is an important labour-welfare law that established a statutory framework for protecting workers from unduly low wages. It\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/www.oliveboard.in\/blog\/minimum-wages-act-1948\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Oliveboard\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/Oliveboard\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2026-09-28T13:34:57+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2026-09-28T13:34:59+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/www.oliveboard.in\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/UPSC-EPFO-1-2.webp\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"730\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"480\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/webp\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"AditiOB\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@Oliveboard\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@Oliveboard\" \/>\n<meta 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I work as a Content Writer at Oliveboard, where I have been simplifying exam-related content for the past 4 years. I create clear and easy-to-understand guides for JAIIB, CAIIB, and UGC exams. My work includes breaking down notifications, admit cards, and exam updates, as well as preparing study plans and subject-wise strategies. My goal is to support working professionals in managing their exam preparation alongside a full-time job and to help them achieve career growth.","sameAs":["www.linkedin.com\/in\/aditi-chakraborty-131b3b379"]},{"@type":"Question","@id":"https:\/\/www.oliveboard.in\/blog\/minimum-wages-act-1948\/#faq-question-1790601229027","position":1,"url":"https:\/\/www.oliveboard.in\/blog\/minimum-wages-act-1948\/#faq-question-1790601229027","name":"1. What is the Minimum Wages Act, 1948?","answerCount":1,"acceptedAnswer":{"@type":"Answer","text":"The Minimum Wages Act, 1948 provides for the fixation and revision of minimum wages for workers in scheduled employments.","inLanguage":"en-US"},"inLanguage":"en-US"},{"@type":"Question","@id":"https:\/\/www.oliveboard.in\/blog\/minimum-wages-act-1948\/#faq-question-1790601229815","position":2,"url":"https:\/\/www.oliveboard.in\/blog\/minimum-wages-act-1948\/#faq-question-1790601229815","name":"2. What was the main objective of the Minimum Wages Act, 1948?","answerCount":1,"acceptedAnswer":{"@type":"Answer","text":"The main objective was to protect workers from exploitation by ensuring statutory minimum wages.","inLanguage":"en-US"},"inLanguage":"en-US"},{"@type":"Question","@id":"https:\/\/www.oliveboard.in\/blog\/minimum-wages-act-1948\/#faq-question-1790601230340","position":3,"url":"https:\/\/www.oliveboard.in\/blog\/minimum-wages-act-1948\/#faq-question-1790601230340","name":"3. Who fixed minimum wages under the Minimum Wages Act, 1948?","answerCount":1,"acceptedAnswer":{"@type":"Answer","text":"The appropriate Government was responsible for fixing and revising minimum wages under the Act.","inLanguage":"en-US"},"inLanguage":"en-US"},{"@type":"Question","@id":"https:\/\/www.oliveboard.in\/blog\/minimum-wages-act-1948\/#faq-question-1790601230953","position":4,"url":"https:\/\/www.oliveboard.in\/blog\/minimum-wages-act-1948\/#faq-question-1790601230953","name":"4. What is the Code on Wages, 2019?","answerCount":1,"acceptedAnswer":{"@type":"Answer","text":"The Code on Wages, 2019 consolidates laws relating to wages, including the Minimum Wages Act, 1948.","inLanguage":"en-US"},"inLanguage":"en-US"},{"@type":"Question","@id":"https:\/\/www.oliveboard.in\/blog\/minimum-wages-act-1948\/#faq-question-1790601231511","position":5,"url":"https:\/\/www.oliveboard.in\/blog\/minimum-wages-act-1948\/#faq-question-1790601231511","name":"5. How is the Minimum Wages Act, 1948 connected with the Code on Wages, 2019?","answerCount":1,"acceptedAnswer":{"@type":"Answer","text":"The Code on Wages, 2019 subsumes and replaces the Minimum Wages Act, 1948 as part of a consolidated wage framework.","inLanguage":"en-US"},"inLanguage":"en-US"}]}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.oliveboard.in\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/229610","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.oliveboard.in\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.oliveboard.in\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.oliveboard.in\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/58"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.oliveboard.in\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=229610"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/www.oliveboard.in\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/229610\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":252740,"href":"https:\/\/www.oliveboard.in\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/229610\/revisions\/252740"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.oliveboard.in\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/252735"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.oliveboard.in\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=229610"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.oliveboard.in\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=229610"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.oliveboard.in\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=229610"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}