{"id":250897,"date":"2026-09-03T15:11:43","date_gmt":"2026-09-03T09:41:43","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.oliveboard.in\/blog\/?p=250897"},"modified":"2026-09-03T15:11:47","modified_gmt":"2026-09-03T09:41:47","slug":"upsc-epfo-old-labour-laws-vs-new-labour-codes","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.oliveboard.in\/blog\/upsc-epfo-old-labour-laws-vs-new-labour-codes\/","title":{"rendered":"Old Labour Laws vs New Labour Codes for UPSC EPFO APFC 2026"},"content":{"rendered":"<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_77 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-grey ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title\" style=\"cursor:inherit\">Table of content<\/p>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-title-toggle\"><a href=\"#\" class=\"ez-toc-pull-right ez-toc-btn ez-toc-btn-xs ez-toc-btn-default ez-toc-toggle\" aria-label=\"Toggle Table of Content\"><span class=\"ez-toc-js-icon-con\"><span class=\"\"><span class=\"eztoc-hide\" style=\"display:none;\">Toggle<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-icon-toggle-span\"><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"list-377408\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/path><\/svg><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" class=\"arrow-unsorted-368013\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"10px\" height=\"10px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.2\" baseProfile=\"tiny\"><path d=\"M18.2 9.3l-6.2-6.3-6.2 6.3c-.2.2-.3.4-.3.7s.1.5.3.7c.2.2.4.3.7.3h11c.3 0 .5-.1.7-.3.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7zM5.8 14.7l6.2 6.3 6.2-6.3c.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7c-.2-.2-.4-.3-.7-.3h-11c-.3 0-.5.1-.7.3-.2.2-.3.5-.3.7s.1.5.3.7z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 eztoc-toggle-hide-by-default' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/www.oliveboard.in\/blog\/upsc-epfo-old-labour-laws-vs-new-labour-codes\/#Why_are_Labour_Codes_important_for_UPSC_EPFO_APFC_2026\" >Why are Labour Codes important for UPSC EPFO APFC 2026?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/www.oliveboard.in\/blog\/upsc-epfo-old-labour-laws-vs-new-labour-codes\/#What_changed_from_the_old_labour-law_system_to_the_new_Labour_Codes\" >What changed from the old labour-law system to the new Labour Codes?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/www.oliveboard.in\/blog\/upsc-epfo-old-labour-laws-vs-new-labour-codes\/#What_are_the_four_new_Labour_Codes\" >What are the four new Labour Codes?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/www.oliveboard.in\/blog\/upsc-epfo-old-labour-laws-vs-new-labour-codes\/#Which_old_labour_laws_were_merged_into_the_Code_on_Wages\" >Which old labour laws were merged into the Code on Wages?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/www.oliveboard.in\/blog\/upsc-epfo-old-labour-laws-vs-new-labour-codes\/#Which_old_labour_laws_were_merged_into_the_Industrial_Relations_Code\" >Which old labour laws were merged into the Industrial Relations Code?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6\" href=\"https:\/\/www.oliveboard.in\/blog\/upsc-epfo-old-labour-laws-vs-new-labour-codes\/#Which_old_labour_laws_were_merged_into_the_Code_on_Social_Security\" >Which old labour laws were merged into the Code on Social Security?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-7\" href=\"https:\/\/www.oliveboard.in\/blog\/upsc-epfo-old-labour-laws-vs-new-labour-codes\/#What_is_the_biggest_EPFO-related_change_under_the_new_Labour_framework\" >What is the biggest EPFO-related change under the new Labour framework?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-8\" href=\"https:\/\/www.oliveboard.in\/blog\/upsc-epfo-old-labour-laws-vs-new-labour-codes\/#Download_Notes_and_Quizzes_Based_on_Labour_Codes\" >Download Notes and Quizzes Based on Labour Codes<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-9\" href=\"https:\/\/www.oliveboard.in\/blog\/upsc-epfo-old-labour-laws-vs-new-labour-codes\/#How_has_gratuity_changed_under_the_new_Labour_Codes\" >How has gratuity changed under the new Labour Codes?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-10\" href=\"https:\/\/www.oliveboard.in\/blog\/upsc-epfo-old-labour-laws-vs-new-labour-codes\/#What_changed_for_gig_workers_and_platform_workers\" >What changed for gig workers and platform workers?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-11\" href=\"https:\/\/www.oliveboard.in\/blog\/upsc-epfo-old-labour-laws-vs-new-labour-codes\/#Which_old_labour_laws_were_merged_into_the_OSH_Working_Conditions_Code\" >Which old labour laws were merged into the OSH &amp; Working Conditions Code?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-12\" href=\"https:\/\/www.oliveboard.in\/blog\/upsc-epfo-old-labour-laws-vs-new-labour-codes\/#What_are_the_most_important_differences_between_old_labour_laws_and_new_Labour_Codes\" >What are the most important differences between old labour laws and new Labour Codes?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-13\" href=\"https:\/\/www.oliveboard.in\/blog\/upsc-epfo-old-labour-laws-vs-new-labour-codes\/#Should_you_completely_stop_studying_the_old_Labour_Laws\" >Should you completely stop studying the old Labour Laws?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-14\" href=\"https:\/\/www.oliveboard.in\/blog\/upsc-epfo-old-labour-laws-vs-new-labour-codes\/#Which_old_Labour_Laws_should_APFC_aspirants_study_first\" >Which old Labour Laws should APFC aspirants study first?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-15\" href=\"https:\/\/www.oliveboard.in\/blog\/upsc-epfo-old-labour-laws-vs-new-labour-codes\/#What_is_the_best_way_to_study_Old_Labour_Laws_and_New_Labour_Codes_together\" >What is the best way to study Old Labour Laws and New Labour Codes together?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-16\" href=\"https:\/\/www.oliveboard.in\/blog\/upsc-epfo-old-labour-laws-vs-new-labour-codes\/#What_current_Labour_Code_facts_should_you_memorise_for_APFC_2026\" >What current Labour Code facts should you memorise for APFC 2026?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-17\" href=\"https:\/\/www.oliveboard.in\/blog\/upsc-epfo-old-labour-laws-vs-new-labour-codes\/#What_should_you_study_from_the_old_Acts_and_what_can_you_skip\" >What should you study from the old Acts and what can you skip?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-18\" href=\"https:\/\/www.oliveboard.in\/blog\/upsc-epfo-old-labour-laws-vs-new-labour-codes\/#FAQs\" >FAQs<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n\n<p>Labour laws are one of the most important areas for <strong>UPSC EPFO APFC 2026<\/strong> because the work of an Assistant Provident Fund Commissioner is closely connected with labour welfare, social security, employee rights and enforcement of labour legislation. For a long time, India had a large number of Central labour laws dealing separately with wages, industrial relations, social security and workplace safety. This framework has now undergone a major change: the <strong>29 Central labour laws have been consolidated into four Labour Codes<\/strong>, which came into force from <strong>21 November 2025<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-why-are-labour-codes-important-for-upsc-epfo-apfc-2026\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Why_are_Labour_Codes_important_for_UPSC_EPFO_APFC_2026\"><\/span>Why are Labour Codes important for UPSC EPFO APFC 2026?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>The APFC exam requires candidates to understand labour laws, social security and employment-related issues from both a static and current-affairs perspective. The Labour Codes are especially important because they have changed the legal structure governing wages, industrial relations, social security and occupational safety. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>For an APFC aspirant, the Code on Social Security, 2020 deserves special attention because it covers areas directly connected with EPFO, provident fund, pension, insurance and other social security measures. For preparation, connect the Labour Codes with these APFC themes:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Labour welfare<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Social security<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>EPFO and provident fund<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>ESIC<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Industrial relations<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Trade unions<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Minimum wages<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Gratuity<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Maternity benefits<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Gig and platform workers<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Occupational safety<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Migrant workers<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Labour administration<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Worker and employer rights<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-buttons is-content-justification-center is-layout-flex wp-container-core-buttons-is-layout-16018d1d wp-block-buttons-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-button\"><a class=\"wp-block-button__link wp-element-button\" href=\"https:\/\/www.oliveboard.in\/upsc-epfo-apfc-mock-test\/?ref=contac-nai-upsc-epfo\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Attempt A Free UPSC EPFO APFC Mock Test Today!<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-what-changed-from-the-old-labour-law-system-to-the-new-labour-codes\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"What_changed_from_the_old_labour-law_system_to_the_new_Labour_Codes\"><\/span>What changed from the old labour-law system to the new Labour Codes?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Earlier, labour regulation was spread across many separate Central Acts, each dealing with a specific subject. The new framework brings these laws into four broad Codes, reducing the number of separate laws and creating more common definitions and procedures. The Government&#8217;s compliance handbook notes that 29 Central Labour Acts were rationalised into four Codes, while the overall number of sections was streamlined from 1,228 to 480.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"943\" height=\"525\" src=\"https:\/\/www.oliveboard.in\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/UPSC-EPFO-3-1.webp\" alt=\"India\u2019s labour law reform showing the transition from 29 Central labour laws to 4 Labour Codes, effective from 21 November 2025, with final Central Rules notified on 8 May 2026.\" class=\"wp-image-250901\" style=\"width:636px;height:auto\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.oliveboard.in\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/UPSC-EPFO-3-1.webp 943w, https:\/\/www.oliveboard.in\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/UPSC-EPFO-3-1-768x428.webp 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 943px) 100vw, 943px\" \/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table><tbody><tr><td><strong>Earlier framework<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>New framework<\/strong><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>29 major Central labour Acts<\/td><td>4 Labour Codes<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Different definitions in different laws<\/td><td>Greater uniformity in definitions<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Separate registrations, licences and returns<\/td><td>Simplified compliance framework<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Separate laws for wages and minimum wages<\/td><td>Code on Wages<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Separate laws for industrial disputes and trade unions<\/td><td>Industrial Relations Code<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Several laws for social security<\/td><td>Code on Social Security<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Separate laws for factories, contract labour, migrant workers etc.<\/td><td>OSH &amp; Working Conditions Code<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Limited coverage under some older laws<\/td><td>Wider coverage under several new provisions<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-what-are-the-four-new-labour-codes\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"What_are_the_four_new_Labour_Codes\"><\/span>What are the four new Labour Codes?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>The <a href=\"https:\/\/www.oliveboard.in\/blog\/upsc-epfo-labour-codes\/?ref=contac-nai-upsc-epfo\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">four Codes cover four major areas<\/a>: wages, industrial relations, social security, and occupational safety and working conditions. Together, they replace and consolidate 29 Central labour laws. The four Codes came into force from 21 November 2025.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"943\" height=\"525\" src=\"https:\/\/www.oliveboard.in\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/UPSC-EPFO-4-1.webp\" alt=\"Overview of the four Labour Codes: Code on Wages 2019, Industrial Relations Code 2020, Code on Social Security 2020, and Occupational Safety, Health and Working Conditions Code 2020, consolidating 29 Central labour laws.\" class=\"wp-image-250902\" style=\"width:596px;height:auto\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.oliveboard.in\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/UPSC-EPFO-4-1.webp 943w, https:\/\/www.oliveboard.in\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/UPSC-EPFO-4-1-768x428.webp 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 943px) 100vw, 943px\" \/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-which-old-labour-laws-were-merged-into-the-code-on-wages\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Which_old_labour_laws_were_merged_into_the_Code_on_Wages\"><\/span>Which old labour laws were merged into the Code on Wages?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>The <strong>Code on Wages, 2019<\/strong> brings together four important wage-related laws. For APFC, candidates should understand both the names of these Acts and the major concepts associated with them. The Code also makes minimum-wage protection broader by moving away from the earlier concept of only &#8220;scheduled employments.&#8221;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table><tbody><tr><td><strong>Old Labour Law<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>What it dealt with<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>Now covered under<\/strong><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Payment of Wages Act, 1936<\/td><td>Timely payment and deductions<\/td><td>Code on Wages<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Minimum Wages Act, 1948<\/td><td>Minimum wages<\/td><td>Code on Wages<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Payment of Bonus Act, 1965<\/td><td>Statutory bonus<\/td><td>Code on Wages<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Equal Remuneration Act, 1976<\/td><td>Equal pay and non-discrimination<\/td><td>Code on Wages<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-what-is-the-50-wage-rule\">What is the 50% wage rule?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>This is a high-priority APFC topic. Under the new wage definition, certain allowances and components are considered while calculating wages. If the specified excluded components exceed 50% of total remuneration, the excess is added back to wages for statutory calculations. The Ministry&#8217;s FAQ gives an example in which total remuneration is \u20b976,000 and the excess allowance amount of \u20b92,000 is added back to wages.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Remember:<\/strong> Do not write in your notes simply as &#8220;Basic Pay must always be 50% of CTC.&#8221; The legally relevant concept is the definition of wages and the 50% rule for specified components, including the treatment of excess amounts.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Also Check:<a href=\"https:\/\/www.oliveboard.in\/blog\/upsc-epfo-labour-laws-syllabus\/?ref=contac-nai-upsc-epfo\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"> UPSC EPFO Labour Laws Syllabus 2026 for APFC<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-which-old-labour-laws-were-merged-into-the-industrial-relations-code\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Which_old_labour_laws_were_merged_into_the_Industrial_Relations_Code\"><\/span>Which old labour laws were merged into the Industrial Relations Code?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>The Industrial Relations Code, 2020 combines three important laws dealing with trade unions, standing orders and industrial disputes. These subjects are extremely relevant for APFC because questions can test both the old Acts and the changes introduced by the Code.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table><tbody><tr><td><strong>Old Labour Law<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>Major area<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>New framework<\/strong><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Trade Unions Act, 1926<\/td><td>Registration and functioning of trade unions<\/td><td>Industrial Relations Code<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Industrial Employment (Standing Orders) Act, 1946<\/td><td>Service conditions and standing orders<\/td><td>Industrial Relations Code<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Industrial Disputes Act, 1947<\/td><td>Disputes, strikes, lockouts, retrenchment etc.<\/td><td>Industrial Relations Code<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-what-are-the-major-changes-to-study\">What are the major changes to study?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>The change from the earlier 100-worker threshold to 300 workers for the special prior-permission regime is a fact worth remembering. The other major changes are as follows:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Fixed-term employment<\/strong> is specifically recognised.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Fixed-term employees are entitled to benefits comparable to permanent workers for similar work, subject to the Code.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Standing-order provisions apply to industrial establishments with <strong>300 or more workers<\/strong>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The special regime for prior government permission for lay-off, retrenchment and closure applies to establishments covered by Chapter X, generally at the <strong>300-worker threshold<\/strong>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The Code contains provisions relating to negotiating unions and negotiating councils.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Rules relating to strikes and lockouts have been brought into the common industrial-relations framework.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"943\" height=\"525\" src=\"https:\/\/www.oliveboard.in\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/UPSC-EPFO-5-1.webp\" alt=\"Mapping of major old labour laws such as the EPF Act, ESI Act, Minimum Wages Act, Industrial Disputes Act, Factories Act and Contract Labour Act into the four new Labour Codes, along with key changes relevant for UPSC EPFO APFC 2026.\" class=\"wp-image-250903\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.oliveboard.in\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/UPSC-EPFO-5-1.webp 943w, https:\/\/www.oliveboard.in\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/UPSC-EPFO-5-1-768x428.webp 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 943px) 100vw, 943px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-which-old-labour-laws-were-merged-into-the-code-on-social-security\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Which_old_labour_laws_were_merged_into_the_Code_on_Social_Security\"><\/span>Which old labour laws were merged into the Code on Social Security?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>This is arguably the most important Labour Code for UPSC EPFO APFC preparation. The Code on Social Security, 2020 brings together nine Central laws dealing with provident fund, insurance, gratuity, maternity benefits, employee compensation and other social security matters.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table><tbody><tr><td><strong>Important old law<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>Main area<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>New framework<\/strong><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Employees&#8217; Provident Funds and Miscellaneous Provisions Act, 1952<\/td><td>EPF, EPS and EDLI<\/td><td>Code on Social Security<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Employees&#8217; State Insurance Act, 1948<\/td><td>Health and social insurance<\/td><td>Code on Social Security<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Employees&#8217; Compensation Act, 1923<\/td><td>Compensation for employment injury<\/td><td>Code on Social Security<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Payment of Gratuity Act, 1972<\/td><td>Gratuity<\/td><td>Code on Social Security<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Maternity Benefit Act, 1961<\/td><td>Maternity benefits<\/td><td>Code on Social Security<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Unorganised Workers&#8217; Social Security Act, 2008<\/td><td>Social security for unorganised workers<\/td><td>Code on Social Security<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Employment Exchanges (Compulsory Notification of Vacancies) Act, 1959<\/td><td>Employment information<\/td><td>Code on Social Security<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Cine-Workers Welfare Fund Act, 1981<\/td><td>Welfare of cine workers<\/td><td>Code on Social Security<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Building and Other Construction Workers&#8217; Welfare Cess Act, 1996<\/td><td>Construction-worker welfare cess<\/td><td>Code on Social Security<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-what-makes-the-social-security-code-important-for-apfc\">What makes the Social Security Code important for APFC?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>The Code expands the social-security framework to categories such as unorganised workers, gig workers and platform workers. It also provides for schemes and institutional mechanisms relating to social security. The Government specifically highlights the introduction of definitions such as gig worker, platform worker and aggregator.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-what-is-the-biggest-epfo-related-change-under-the-new-labour-framework\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"What_is_the_biggest_EPFO-related_change_under_the_new_Labour_framework\"><\/span>What is the biggest EPFO-related change under the new Labour framework?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>The Code on Social Security retains the central importance of EPFO while placing provident fund and related social-security provisions within a broader unified framework. The Government states that EPFO coverage applies to establishments employing 20 or more employees, while the Code also expands the overall social-security framework to new categories of workers.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-download-notes-and-quizzes-based-on-labour-codes\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Download_Notes_and_Quizzes_Based_on_Labour_Codes\"><\/span>Download Notes and Quizzes Based on Labour Codes<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Strengthen your UPSC EPFO preparation with Labour Codes notes and practice quizzes covering important concepts, provisions, definitions, and exam-focused topics.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table><tbody><tr><td><strong>Particulars<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>Link<\/strong><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>UPSC EPFO Labour Laws Notes<\/td><td><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.oliveboard.in\/labour-laws-and-industrial-relations\/?ref=contac-nai-upsc-epfo\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Download Free PDF<\/a><\/strong><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>UPSC EPFO Labour Laws Practice Quiz PDF<\/td><td><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.oliveboard.in\/upsc-epfo-prep-kit\/?ref=contac-nai-upsc-epfo\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Download Now<\/a><\/strong><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>UPSC EPFO APFC Previous Year Papers<\/td><td><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.oliveboard.in\/blog\/upsc-epfo-previous-year-question-papers\/?ref=contac-nai-upsc-epfo\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Download Now<\/a><\/strong><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-how-has-gratuity-changed-under-the-new-labour-codes\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"How_has_gratuity_changed_under_the_new_Labour_Codes\"><\/span>How has gratuity changed under the new Labour Codes?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Gratuity remains an important social-security benefit, but the new framework has introduced an important provision for <strong>fixed-term employees<\/strong>. The Central Government&#8217;s model standing orders provide that a fixed-term worker becomes eligible for gratuity after <strong>one year of service under the contract<\/strong>, subject to the applicable provisions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table><tbody><tr><td><strong>Point<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>What to remember<\/strong><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Traditional general rule<\/td><td>Gratuity generally linked to five years of continuous service, subject to statutory exceptions<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Fixed-term employee<\/td><td>Special provision under the new framework<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Fixed-term gratuity<\/td><td>Eligibility after one year under the Code&#8217;s fixed-term employment provision<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Calculation<\/td><td>Linked to the applicable definition of wages<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Current effective framework<\/td><td>From 21 November 2025<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>The Ministry has also clarified that the revised definition of wages applies to gratuity calculations from 21 November 2025.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-what-changed-for-gig-workers-and-platform-workers\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"What_changed_for_gig_workers_and_platform_workers\"><\/span>What changed for gig workers and platform workers?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>This is a new-age labour issue that old labour-law preparation may not cover adequately. The Code on Social Security expressly recognises gig workers, platform workers and aggregators, creating a statutory framework for extending social-security protection to these categories.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table><tbody><tr><td><strong>Term<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>Simple meaning<\/strong><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>Gig worker<\/strong><\/td><td>A person working outside the traditional employer-employee relationship<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>Platform worker<\/strong><\/td><td>A person earning through a platform-based work arrangement<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>Aggregator<\/strong><\/td><td>A digital intermediary connecting users with service providers<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>Unorganised worker<\/strong><\/td><td>A worker falling within the statutory definition of the unorganised sector\/worker<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>Social Security Fund<\/strong><\/td><td>Mechanism for supporting specified social-security schemes<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-which-old-labour-laws-were-merged-into-the-osh-amp-working-conditions-code\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Which_old_labour_laws_were_merged_into_the_OSH_Working_Conditions_Code\"><\/span>Which old labour laws were merged into the OSH &amp; Working Conditions Code?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>The Occupational Safety, Health and Working Conditions Code, 2020 consolidates 13 Central labour laws. It deals with workplace safety, health, welfare, working conditions, contract labour and migrant workers.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table><tbody><tr><td><strong>Important old law<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>Major subject<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>New framework<\/strong><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Factories Act, 1948<\/td><td>Factory safety and working conditions<\/td><td>OSH Code<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Mines Act, 1952<\/td><td>Mine safety<\/td><td>OSH Code<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Plantations Labour Act, 1951<\/td><td>Plantation workers<\/td><td>OSH Code<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Contract Labour Act, 1970<\/td><td>Contract labour<\/td><td>OSH Code<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Inter-State Migrant Workmen Act, 1979<\/td><td>Migrant workers<\/td><td>OSH Code<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Building and Other Construction Workers Act, 1996<\/td><td>Construction workers<\/td><td>OSH Code<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Motor Transport Workers Act, 1961<\/td><td>Transport workers<\/td><td>OSH Code<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Beedi and Cigar Workers Act, 1966<\/td><td>Beedi\/cigar workers<\/td><td>OSH Code<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Working Journalists laws<\/td><td>Working journalists<\/td><td>OSH Code<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Sales Promotion Employees Act, 1976<\/td><td>Sales promotion employees<\/td><td>OSH Code<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Cine-Workers and Cinema Theatre Workers Act, 1981<\/td><td>Cine workers<\/td><td>OSH Code<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Dock Workers Act, 1986<\/td><td>Dock workers<\/td><td>OSH Code<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-buttons is-content-justification-center is-layout-flex wp-container-core-buttons-is-layout-16018d1d wp-block-buttons-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-button\"><a class=\"wp-block-button__link wp-element-button\" href=\"https:\/\/www.oliveboard.in\/blog\/upsc-epfo-previous-year-question-papers\/?ref=contac-nai-upsc-epfo\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Download Free UPSC EPFO Previous Year Papers<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-what-are-the-most-important-differences-between-old-labour-laws-and-new-labour-codes\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"What_are_the_most_important_differences_between_old_labour_laws_and_new_Labour_Codes\"><\/span>What are the most important differences between old labour laws and new Labour Codes?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Instead of memorising hundreds of provisions separately, APFC candidates should prepare a <strong>one-page comparison sheet<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table><tbody><tr><td><strong>Area<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>Old Labour-law approach<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>New Labour Code approach<\/strong><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Number of Central laws<\/td><td>Multiple separate Acts<\/td><td>29 Acts consolidated into 4 Codes<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Wages<\/td><td>Separate laws<\/td><td>Code on Wages<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Minimum wages<\/td><td>Scheduled employments<\/td><td>Wider coverage<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Floor wage<\/td><td>No common statutory floor-wage framework of this kind<\/td><td>Statutory floor wage<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Wage definition<\/td><td>Different laws could use different concepts<\/td><td>Common definition across four Codes<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Industrial relations<\/td><td>Separate Acts<\/td><td>Single Industrial Relations Code<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Standing orders<\/td><td>Earlier threshold generally 100 workers<\/td><td>300 workers under the Code<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Retrenchment\/closure permission<\/td><td>Earlier 100-worker threshold under the central framework<\/td><td>300-worker threshold under Chapter X<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Fixed-term employment<\/td><td>Less unified framework<\/td><td>Specifically recognised<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Social security<\/td><td>Several separate Acts<\/td><td>Code on Social Security<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Gig\/platform workers<\/td><td>No comparable unified statutory framework<\/td><td>Specifically recognised<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Migrant workers<\/td><td>Separate law<\/td><td>Integrated under OSH Code<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Compliance<\/td><td>Multiple registrations\/returns<\/td><td>Greater simplification and digital processes<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-should-you-completely-stop-studying-the-old-labour-laws\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Should_you_completely_stop_studying_the_old_Labour_Laws\"><\/span>Should you completely stop studying the old Labour Laws?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>No. This is one of the biggest mistakes an APFC aspirant can make.<\/strong> The new Codes are now the primary framework, but the old Acts remain important for understanding the evolution of labour legislation, identifying which provisions were consolidated, and answering questions that test the relationship between an old Act and its corresponding Code. The Government itself describes the reform as consolidation and rationalisation of the earlier 29 Central Acts.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-which-old-labour-laws-should-apfc-aspirants-study-first\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Which_old_Labour_Laws_should_APFC_aspirants_study_first\"><\/span>Which old Labour Laws should APFC aspirants study first?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Not every old Act deserves equal preparation time. A smart priority list can save considerable revision time.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table><tbody><tr><td><strong>Priority<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>Old Act<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>What to study<\/strong><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>Very High<\/strong><\/td><td>EPF &amp; MP Act, 1952<\/td><td>EPF, EPS, EDLI, EPFO, coverage and basic provisions<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>Very High<\/strong><\/td><td>ESI Act, 1948<\/td><td>ESIC, insured persons, benefits and coverage<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>Very High<\/strong><\/td><td>Industrial Disputes Act, 1947<\/td><td>Industrial disputes, strikes, lockouts, retrenchment<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>Very High<\/strong><\/td><td>Minimum Wages Act, 1948<\/td><td>Minimum wages and scheduled employment<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>High<\/strong><\/td><td>Trade Unions Act, 1926<\/td><td>Registration and trade-union framework<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>High<\/strong><\/td><td>Factories Act, 1948<\/td><td>Health, safety and welfare<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>High<\/strong><\/td><td>Payment of Gratuity Act, 1972<\/td><td>Eligibility and gratuity<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>High<\/strong><\/td><td>Maternity Benefit Act, 1961<\/td><td>Maternity-related benefits<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>High<\/strong><\/td><td>Payment of Wages Act, 1936<\/td><td>Payment and deductions<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>High<\/strong><\/td><td>Contract Labour Act, 1970<\/td><td>Contract labour regulation<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>Moderate<\/strong><\/td><td>Inter-State Migrant Workmen Act, 1979<\/td><td>Migrant-worker protection<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>Moderate<\/strong><\/td><td>Equal Remuneration Act, 1976<\/td><td>Equal pay and non-discrimination<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>Moderate<\/strong><\/td><td>Standing Orders Act, 1946<\/td><td>Conditions of service<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-buttons is-content-justification-center is-layout-flex wp-container-core-buttons-is-layout-16018d1d wp-block-buttons-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-button\"><a class=\"wp-block-button__link wp-element-button\" href=\"https:\/\/www.oliveboard.in\/upsc-epfo-apfc\/?ref=contac-nai-upsc-epfo\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Enroll  for UPSC EPFO APFC Online Courses<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-what-is-the-best-way-to-study-old-labour-laws-and-new-labour-codes-together\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"What_is_the_best_way_to_study_Old_Labour_Laws_and_New_Labour_Codes_together\"><\/span>What is the best way to study Old Labour Laws and New Labour Codes together?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>The easiest method is to use a <strong>three-column approach<\/strong> rather than making two separate sets of notes.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table><tbody><tr><td><strong>Old Act<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>New Code<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>What changed?<\/strong><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>EPF &amp; MP Act, 1952<\/td><td>Code on Social Security, 2020<\/td><td>EPF provisions brought into a broader social-security framework<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>ESI Act, 1948<\/td><td>Code on Social Security, 2020<\/td><td>ESI incorporated into unified social-security legislation<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Minimum Wages Act, 1948<\/td><td>Code on Wages, 2019<\/td><td>Wider coverage and floor-wage framework<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Payment of Wages Act, 1936<\/td><td>Code on Wages, 2019<\/td><td>Wage-payment rules consolidated<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Industrial Disputes Act, 1947<\/td><td>Industrial Relations Code, 2020<\/td><td>Dispute-resolution framework consolidated<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Trade Unions Act, 1926<\/td><td>Industrial Relations Code, 2020<\/td><td>Trade-union provisions consolidated<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Standing Orders Act, 1946<\/td><td>Industrial Relations Code, 2020<\/td><td>Standing-order provisions consolidated<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Factories Act, 1948<\/td><td>OSH Code, 2020<\/td><td>Factory safety integrated into wider OSH framework<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Contract Labour Act, 1970<\/td><td>OSH Code, 2020<\/td><td>Contract labour provisions consolidated<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Inter-State Migrant Workmen Act, 1979<\/td><td>OSH Code, 2020<\/td><td>Migrant-worker provisions integrated<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-what-current-labour-code-facts-should-you-memorise-for-apfc-2026\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"What_current_Labour_Code_facts_should_you_memorise_for_APFC_2026\"><\/span>What current Labour Code facts should you memorise for APFC 2026?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>These are the <strong>high-value facts<\/strong> that should be on your revision sheet:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table><tbody><tr><td><strong>Fact<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>Remember<\/strong><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Number of old Central labour laws consolidated<\/td><td><strong>29<\/strong><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Number of new Labour Codes<\/td><td><strong>4<\/strong><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Code on Wages<\/td><td><strong>2019<\/strong><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Industrial Relations Code<\/td><td><strong>2020<\/strong><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Code on Social Security<\/td><td><strong>2020<\/strong><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>OSH &amp; Working Conditions Code<\/td><td><strong>2020<\/strong><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Four Codes came into force<\/td><td><strong>21 November 2025<\/strong><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Final Central Rules notified<\/td><td><strong>8 May 2026<\/strong><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>EPFO establishment threshold under the Code<\/td><td><strong>20 or more employees<\/strong><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Standing orders threshold<\/td><td><strong>300 or more workers<\/strong><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Special lay-off\/retrenchment\/closure regime<\/td><td><strong>300 or more workers<\/strong>, subject to the Code<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Wage allowance rule<\/td><td><strong>50%<\/strong><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Gig\/platform workers<\/td><td>Specifically recognised<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Floor wage<\/td><td>Statutory concept under Code on Wages<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Main APFC-related Code<\/td><td><strong>Code on Social Security<\/strong><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-buttons is-content-justification-center is-layout-flex wp-container-core-buttons-is-layout-16018d1d wp-block-buttons-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-button\"><a class=\"wp-block-button__link wp-element-button\" href=\"https:\/\/www.oliveboard.in\/upsc-epfo-apfc-study-plan\/?ref=contac-nai-upsc-epfo\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Check out the UPSC EPFO Study Plan<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-what-should-you-study-from-the-old-acts-and-what-can-you-skip\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"What_should_you_study_from_the_old_Acts_and_what_can_you_skip\"><\/span>What should you study from the old Acts and what can you skip?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>A practical strategy is to divide your preparation into Must Study, Understand and Don&#8217;t Overdo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table><tbody><tr><td><strong>Category<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>What to study<\/strong><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>Must Study<\/strong><\/td><td>EPF &amp; MP Act, ESI Act, Industrial Disputes Act, Minimum Wages Act<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>Must Study<\/strong><\/td><td>Four Labour Codes and their major provisions<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>Must Study<\/strong><\/td><td>Old Act \u2192 New Code mapping<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>Must Study<\/strong><\/td><td>Major changes introduced by the Codes<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>Understand clearly<\/strong><\/td><td>Trade unions, strikes, retrenchment, gratuity, maternity benefit<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>Understand clearly<\/strong><\/td><td>Gig workers, platform workers, migrant workers<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>Understand clearly<\/strong><\/td><td>Floor wage and 50% wage rule<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>Do not overdo<\/strong><\/td><td>Every section number of every old Act<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>Do not overdo<\/strong><\/td><td>Obsolete procedural details with no relevance to the current framework<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>Do not ignore<\/strong><\/td><td>Current rules and government clarifications<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-faqs\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"FAQs\"><\/span>FAQs<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"schema-faq wp-block-yoast-faq-block\"><div class=\"schema-faq-section\" id=\"faq-question-1788428071950\"><strong class=\"schema-faq-question\">1. How many old labour laws were consolidated into the new Labour Codes?<\/strong> <p class=\"schema-faq-answer\">The four Labour Codes consolidate and rationalise 29 Central labour laws into four comprehensive Codes.<\/p> <\/div> <div class=\"schema-faq-section\" id=\"faq-question-1788428072863\"><strong class=\"schema-faq-question\">2. What are the four new Labour Codes in India?<\/strong> <p class=\"schema-faq-answer\">The four Codes are the Code on Wages, Industrial Relations Code, Code on Social Security, and OSH &amp; Working Conditions Code.<\/p> <\/div> <div class=\"schema-faq-section\" id=\"faq-question-1788428073955\"><strong class=\"schema-faq-question\">3. When did the four Labour Codes come into force?<\/strong> <p class=\"schema-faq-answer\">The four Labour Codes came into force across India on 21 November 2025.<\/p> <\/div> <div class=\"schema-faq-section\" id=\"faq-question-1788428074803\"><strong class=\"schema-faq-question\">4. Which Labour Code is most important for UPSC EPFO preparation?<\/strong> <p class=\"schema-faq-answer\">The Code on Social Security is particularly important because of its relevance to EPFO, social security, EPF, ESI, gratuity and emerging worker categories.<\/p> <\/div> <div class=\"schema-faq-section\" id=\"faq-question-1788428075331\"><strong class=\"schema-faq-question\">5. What is the major change introduced by the Code on Wages?<\/strong> <p class=\"schema-faq-answer\">The Code on Wages provides a common framework for minimum wages, floor wages, timely payment of wages and wage-related deductions.<\/p> <\/div> <\/div>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-latest-posts__list is-grid columns-3 wp-block-latest-posts\"><li><a class=\"wp-block-latest-posts__post-title\" href=\"https:\/\/www.oliveboard.in\/blog\/upsc-epfo-old-labour-laws-vs-new-labour-codes\/\">Old Labour Laws vs New Labour Codes for UPSC EPFO APFC 2026<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a class=\"wp-block-latest-posts__post-title\" href=\"https:\/\/www.oliveboard.in\/blog\/upsc-epfo-governance-and-constitution-of-india-quiz\/\">UPSC EPFO Governance and Constitution of India Practice Quiz<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a class=\"wp-block-latest-posts__post-title\" href=\"https:\/\/www.oliveboard.in\/blog\/upsc-epfo-governance-and-constitution-of-india-syllabus\/\">UPSC EPFO Governance &amp; Constitution of India Syllabus 2026<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a class=\"wp-block-latest-posts__post-title\" href=\"https:\/\/www.oliveboard.in\/blog\/industrial-relations-code-bill\/\">Industrial Relations Code Bill, Benefits &#038; Criticisms, UPSC EPFO<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a class=\"wp-block-latest-posts__post-title\" href=\"https:\/\/www.oliveboard.in\/blog\/labour-reforms-in-india\/\">Labour Reforms in India, Explanation and Notes for UPSC EPFO Exam<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a class=\"wp-block-latest-posts__post-title\" href=\"https:\/\/www.oliveboard.in\/blog\/industrial-relations-and-labour-laws-notes-upsc-epfo-eo\/\">Industrial Relations &amp; Labour Laws Notes for UPSC EPFO 2026, Free PDF<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Labour laws are one of the most important areas for UPSC EPFO APFC 2026 because the work of an Assistant<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":58,"featured_media":250904,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[10321],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-250897","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-upsc-epfo","generate-columns","tablet-grid-50","mobile-grid-100","grid-parent","grid-50"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v26.6 (Yoast SEO v26.6) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Old Labour Laws vs New Labour Codes for UPSC EPFO APFC 2026<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Learn how the consolidation of Old Labour Laws into New Labour Codes affects wages, workplace safety, and social security in India.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" 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I work as a Content Writer at Oliveboard, where I have been simplifying exam-related content for the past 4 years. I create clear and easy-to-understand guides for JAIIB, CAIIB, and UGC exams. My work includes breaking down notifications, admit cards, and exam updates, as well as preparing study plans and subject-wise strategies. My goal is to support working professionals in managing their exam preparation alongside a full-time job and to help them achieve career growth.\",\"sameAs\":[\"www.linkedin.com\/in\/aditi-chakraborty-131b3b379\"]},{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.oliveboard.in\/blog\/upsc-epfo-old-labour-laws-vs-new-labour-codes\/#faq-question-1788428071950\",\"position\":1,\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.oliveboard.in\/blog\/upsc-epfo-old-labour-laws-vs-new-labour-codes\/#faq-question-1788428071950\",\"name\":\"1. 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I work as a Content Writer at Oliveboard, where I have been simplifying exam-related content for the past 4 years. I create clear and easy-to-understand guides for JAIIB, CAIIB, and UGC exams. My work includes breaking down notifications, admit cards, and exam updates, as well as preparing study plans and subject-wise strategies. My goal is to support working professionals in managing their exam preparation alongside a full-time job and to help them achieve career growth.","sameAs":["www.linkedin.com\/in\/aditi-chakraborty-131b3b379"]},{"@type":"Question","@id":"https:\/\/www.oliveboard.in\/blog\/upsc-epfo-old-labour-laws-vs-new-labour-codes\/#faq-question-1788428071950","position":1,"url":"https:\/\/www.oliveboard.in\/blog\/upsc-epfo-old-labour-laws-vs-new-labour-codes\/#faq-question-1788428071950","name":"1. How many old labour laws were consolidated into the new Labour Codes?","answerCount":1,"acceptedAnswer":{"@type":"Answer","text":"The four Labour Codes consolidate and rationalise 29 Central labour laws into four comprehensive Codes.","inLanguage":"en-US"},"inLanguage":"en-US"},{"@type":"Question","@id":"https:\/\/www.oliveboard.in\/blog\/upsc-epfo-old-labour-laws-vs-new-labour-codes\/#faq-question-1788428072863","position":2,"url":"https:\/\/www.oliveboard.in\/blog\/upsc-epfo-old-labour-laws-vs-new-labour-codes\/#faq-question-1788428072863","name":"2. What are the four new Labour Codes in India?","answerCount":1,"acceptedAnswer":{"@type":"Answer","text":"The four Codes are the Code on Wages, Industrial Relations Code, Code on Social Security, and OSH &amp; Working Conditions Code.","inLanguage":"en-US"},"inLanguage":"en-US"},{"@type":"Question","@id":"https:\/\/www.oliveboard.in\/blog\/upsc-epfo-old-labour-laws-vs-new-labour-codes\/#faq-question-1788428073955","position":3,"url":"https:\/\/www.oliveboard.in\/blog\/upsc-epfo-old-labour-laws-vs-new-labour-codes\/#faq-question-1788428073955","name":"3. When did the four Labour Codes come into force?","answerCount":1,"acceptedAnswer":{"@type":"Answer","text":"The four Labour Codes came into force across India on 21 November 2025.","inLanguage":"en-US"},"inLanguage":"en-US"},{"@type":"Question","@id":"https:\/\/www.oliveboard.in\/blog\/upsc-epfo-old-labour-laws-vs-new-labour-codes\/#faq-question-1788428074803","position":4,"url":"https:\/\/www.oliveboard.in\/blog\/upsc-epfo-old-labour-laws-vs-new-labour-codes\/#faq-question-1788428074803","name":"4. Which Labour Code is most important for UPSC EPFO preparation?","answerCount":1,"acceptedAnswer":{"@type":"Answer","text":"The Code on Social Security is particularly important because of its relevance to EPFO, social security, EPF, ESI, gratuity and emerging worker categories.","inLanguage":"en-US"},"inLanguage":"en-US"},{"@type":"Question","@id":"https:\/\/www.oliveboard.in\/blog\/upsc-epfo-old-labour-laws-vs-new-labour-codes\/#faq-question-1788428075331","position":5,"url":"https:\/\/www.oliveboard.in\/blog\/upsc-epfo-old-labour-laws-vs-new-labour-codes\/#faq-question-1788428075331","name":"5. What is the major change introduced by the Code on Wages?","answerCount":1,"acceptedAnswer":{"@type":"Answer","text":"The Code on Wages provides a common framework for minimum wages, floor wages, timely payment of wages and wage-related deductions.","inLanguage":"en-US"},"inLanguage":"en-US"}]}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.oliveboard.in\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/250897","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.oliveboard.in\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.oliveboard.in\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.oliveboard.in\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/58"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.oliveboard.in\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=250897"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.oliveboard.in\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/250897\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":250905,"href":"https:\/\/www.oliveboard.in\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/250897\/revisions\/250905"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.oliveboard.in\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/250904"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.oliveboard.in\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=250897"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.oliveboard.in\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=250897"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.oliveboard.in\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=250897"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}