{"id":89260,"date":"2022-01-02T03:44:53","date_gmt":"2022-01-01T22:14:53","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.oliveboard.in\/blog\/?p=89260"},"modified":"2022-01-02T03:44:55","modified_gmt":"2022-01-01T22:14:55","slug":"lithosphere-for-tn-exams","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.oliveboard.in\/blog\/lithosphere-for-tn-exams\/","title":{"rendered":"Lithosphere for TN exams | Tamil and English Free E-books"},"content":{"rendered":"<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_77 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-grey ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title\" style=\"cursor:inherit\">Table of content<\/p>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-title-toggle\"><a href=\"#\" class=\"ez-toc-pull-right ez-toc-btn ez-toc-btn-xs ez-toc-btn-default ez-toc-toggle\" aria-label=\"Toggle Table of Content\"><span class=\"ez-toc-js-icon-con\"><span class=\"\"><span class=\"eztoc-hide\" style=\"display:none;\">Toggle<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-icon-toggle-span\"><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"list-377408\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/path><\/svg><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" class=\"arrow-unsorted-368013\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"10px\" height=\"10px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.2\" baseProfile=\"tiny\"><path d=\"M18.2 9.3l-6.2-6.3-6.2 6.3c-.2.2-.3.4-.3.7s.1.5.3.7c.2.2.4.3.7.3h11c.3 0 .5-.1.7-.3.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7zM5.8 14.7l6.2 6.3 6.2-6.3c.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7c-.2-.2-.4-.3-.7-.3h-11c-.3 0-.5.1-.7.3-.2.2-.3.5-.3.7s.1.5.3.7z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 eztoc-toggle-hide-by-default' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/www.oliveboard.in\/blog\/lithosphere-for-tn-exams\/#Lithosphere_for_TN_exams_E-book_Download_link\" >Lithosphere for TN exams E-book | Download link<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/www.oliveboard.in\/blog\/lithosphere-for-tn-exams\/#How_to_Download_Free_E-book_PDF\" >How to Download Free E-book PDF?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/www.oliveboard.in\/blog\/lithosphere-for-tn-exams\/#Lithosphere_for_TN_exams_E-book\" >Lithosphere for TN exams E-book<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n\n<p id=\"block-f2070027-66d2-48ba-a986-c1cc2b4d2ad1\">TNPSC has released its annual planner 2022. Notifications of various group exams can be expected as per schedule. Geography carries a significant weightage in most TN exams. Questions on Lithosphere are generally asked in TNPSC exams. We have come up with a study blog on the topic of Lithosphere for TNPSC to help you in your preparation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\" id=\"block-d10abdf5-074d-4d1d-87cc-f782c81e37c6\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.oliveboard.in\/tamil-nadu-exams\/?ref=contsp\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Attempt a Free Mock Test<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"block-a0f880e5-a8d4-4c1c-8f83-5f39342d9cf2\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Lithosphere_for_TN_exams_E-book_Download_link\"><\/span><strong>Lithosphere for TN exams<\/strong> <strong>E-book | Download link<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p id=\"block-72f27b21-82e9-495d-8936-d1d84eaa1738\">Click on the link provided below to download the E-book.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-buttons aligncenter is-layout-flex wp-block-buttons-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-button\"><a class=\"wp-block-button__link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.oliveboard.in\/free-ebook-pdf-download\/?ref=contsp&amp;cat=tnex&amp;next=https:\/\/bit.ly\/Lithosphere-Tamil\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Download PDF In Tamil Here<\/a><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-button\"><a class=\"wp-block-button__link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.oliveboard.in\/free-ebook-pdf-download\/?ref=contsp&amp;cat=tnex&amp;next=https:\/\/bit.ly\/Lithosphere-English\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Download PDF In English Here<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"block-82ff363d-addb-4f00-8348-1c76cb9d0cf9\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"How_to_Download_Free_E-book_PDF\"><\/span><strong>How to Download Free E-book PDF?<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\" id=\"block-dc085326-621e-4c5c-9b13-355bd1f76946\"><li>Click on the given\u00a0download link for <a href=\"https:\/\/www.oliveboard.in\/free-ebook-pdf-download\/?ref=contsp&amp;cat=tnex&amp;next=https:\/\/bit.ly\/Lithosphere-Tamil\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Tamil <\/a>and <a href=\"https:\/\/www.oliveboard.in\/free-ebook-pdf-download\/?ref=contsp&amp;cat=tnex&amp;next=https:\/\/bit.ly\/Lithosphere-English\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">English<\/a>. You will be taken to Oliveboard\u2019s FREE Ebooks Page. Alternately, you can download the Oliveboard Android App to access these on your smartphone.<\/li><li>Register\/Login on to the Free E-Books Page of Oliveboard (It is 100% free, You just enter your valid email id and a password to be able to download the PDF).<\/li><li>Once logged in you\u2019ll see the message \u201c<strong>Please click here to download the Free Ebook<\/strong>\u201c. Click on the message to download that particular ebook.<\/li><\/ol>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"block-9b84e0f4-0119-4516-bcdc-3943ec47af6f\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Lithosphere_for_TN_exams_E-book\"><\/span><strong>Lithosphere for TN exams E-book<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>The shape of the Earth<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The shape of the Earth is classified as an oblate spheroid or ellipsoid instead of a proper sphere because Earth&#8217;s circumference and diameter are not uniform.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Equator has a larger circumference and diameter compared to all other latitudes. The radius from the centre of the Earth to points in the same longitude is not same. This is because the poles are squished, resulting in a bulge at the Equator.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Coordination System<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Imaginary lines are drawn on the globe to locate any place on Earth, set time zones, classify the climatic types etc.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Latitudes<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\" type=\"a\"><li>All parallel circles, from the Equator to the poles, are called parallels of latitudes.<\/li><li>Latitudes are denoted in degrees, from 0\u00b0 at the Equator to 90\u00b0 at the poles.<\/li><li>Difference between two neighbouring latitudes is always the same.<\/li><\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p>Important Latitudes Equator<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>It is an imaginary line that divides the globe horizontally into two equal parts. It divides the globe into Northern and Southern hemispheres.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Tropic of Cancer<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\" type=\"a\"><li>It is an imaginary line encircling the Earth at the latitude of 23 degrees 30 minutes North of the Equator.<\/li><li>This is the northern boundary of the Tropics and the northernmost latitude at which the Sun can shine directly overhead.<\/li><\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p>Tropic of Capricorn<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\" type=\"a\"><li>It is an imaginary line encircling the Earth at the latitude of 23 degrees 30 minutes South of the Equator.<\/li><li>This is the southern boundary of the Tropics and the southernmost latitude at which the Sun can shine directly overhead.<\/li><li>The area situated between the Tropic of Cancer and the Tropic of Capricorn is referred to as Tropics or Torrid Zone.<\/li><\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p>Arctic &amp; Antarctic Circle<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\" type=\"a\"><li>The Arctic and Antarctic Circles are imaginary lines located at 66.5 degrees latitude North and South of the Equator, respectively.<\/li><li>While the Antarctic Circle experiences total darkness during Summer Solstice, the Arctic circle experiences total darkness during Winter Solstice.<\/li><li>Arctic and Antarctic Circles are the northernmost and southernmost latitudes where the Sun is seen during Summer and winter solstice respectively.<\/li><\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p>Longitudes<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>It is a measurement system that defines the East-West stretch of the object on the Earth\u2019s surface.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>These are semicircles, and the distance between them decreases steadily from the equator to poleward until it becomes zero at the poles. All meridians meet at poles.<\/li><li>Prime Meridian (0 degrees) passes through Greenwich Observatory (near London).<\/li><li>One degree of Longitude equals 4 minutes, i.e., 360 degrees equals 24 hours.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>International Date Line<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\" type=\"a\"><li>It is an imaginary non-linear line that serves as the \u2018line of demarcation\u2019 between two consecutive calendar dates.<\/li><li>It passes through the mid-Pacific Ocean.<\/li><li>A day is <strong>gained <\/strong>when the International Date Line is crossed from <strong>West to East <\/strong>and <strong>lost<\/strong> when it is crossed from <strong>East to West<\/strong>. For example, A person crossing the IDL from West to East at noon on Sunday will experience noon on Monday. So, the person gains a day.<\/li><\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p>Pole Star<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>A pole star is a star that is bright, closely aligned to the axis of rotation the Earth. It can be seen from the naked eye. Since it is located above the northern pole, it indicates the north direction.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The motion of the Earth<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Earth has two types of motion- Rotation and Revolution.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Rotation<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\" type=\"a\"><li>When the Earth turns around an internal axis i.e., turns around its own axis, it is called a rotation.<\/li><li>Earth rotates on a tilted axis, angle of 23.5 degrees with normal, around itself from west to the east direction in around 24 hours which is responsible for <strong>day and night<\/strong>.<\/li><li>An imaginary line dividing the Earth with day and night is called a C<strong>ircle of Illumination<\/strong>. It makes the right angle to the orbital plane.<\/li><\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p>Revolution<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\" type=\"a\"><li>When Earth circles an external axis, i.e., around the Sun, it is called a revolution.<\/li><li>Earth revolves around the Sun in an <strong>elliptical orbit <\/strong>in around 365\u00bc days.<\/li><li>The tilt of the Earth along with revolution causes a <strong>change in seasons<\/strong>.<\/li><li>Revolution along with Rotation and Tilt of Earth\u2019s axis results in <strong>variation in length of day and night<\/strong>.<\/li><\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p>Solistice<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\" type=\"a\"><li>Since the axis of the Earth is inclined to the plane ecliptic at an angle of 66 \u00bddegrees, it gives rise to different seasons and varying length of the day and night and solstice.<\/li><li>Solstice is the moment when the Sun\u2019s apparent path is farthest north or south from Earth\u2019s Equator. There are two solistice \u2013 Summer solistice and Winter solistice.<\/li><li>Summer Solstice happens around 21st June. On this day, the Northern Hemisphere has the longest day and the shortest night and reverse conditions happen in the Southern hemisphere. On this day direct rays of the sunfall on the <strong>Tropic of Cancer<\/strong>.<\/li><li>Winter Solstice happens on around 22nd December. On this day, the Southern Hemisphere has longer days and shorter nights. The reverse happens in the Northern Hemisphere. On this day direct rays of the Sun fall on the <strong>Tropic of Capricorn<\/strong>.<\/li><li>From the Summer Solstice to Winter Solstice (21st June to 22nd December) the Arctic circle experiences the sunlight for almost six months and Antarctic circle experiences the darkness for six months and vice versa from Winter solstice to the Summer solstice.<\/li><\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p>Equinox<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\" type=\"a\"><li>It is the instant of time when the length of days and nights are equal.<\/li><li>This occurs twice each year around 20 March and 23 September.<\/li><li>Direct rays of the Sun fall on the Equator.<\/li><\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p>Interior of the Earth:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Based on the above observations and evidence the interior of the Earth is divided into three zones viz.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\" type=\"1\"><li>Crust<\/li><li>Mantle<\/li><li>Core<\/li><\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p>1. Crust:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>It\u2019s the outermost solid part of the Earth. It\u2019s hard in nature but can break easily.<\/li><li>The thickness of the oceanic crust is less compared to the continental crust. while that of the continental crust is around 30 km.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>\u00a0Continental crust<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>The continental crust is thicker in the areas of major mountain systems.<\/li><li>The mean thickness is 5 km and is as much as 70 km thick in the Himalayan region.<\/li><li>It\u2019s made up of heavier rocks having an average density of 3 g\/cm<sup>3<\/sup>.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Oceanic Crust<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>The mean thickness of the oceanic crust is 5 km.<\/li><li>The mean density of material in the oceanic crust is 2.7 g\/cm3.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>2.&nbsp; Mantle:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>There is a sudden increase in velocity of seismic waves at the base of lower crust denoting a discontinuity between lower crust and upper mantle known as <strong>\u2018Mohorovicic Discontinuity\u2019<\/strong>.<\/li><li>The mantle extends from Mohorovicic discontinuity to a depth of 2,900 km.<\/li><li>It is formed largely of silica minerals rich in iron and magnesium.<\/li><li>It spreads over 2700 km, with an average density of 4.6 g\/cm3,<\/li><li>It constitutes 83% of Earth\u2019s volume and 68% of Earth\u2019s mass.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Asthenosphere<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>The mantle contains a weaker zone known as Asthenosphere through which the molten rock materials find their way to the surface.<\/li><li>The material in the upper mantle portion is called magma. Once it starts moving towards the crust or it reaches the surface, it is referred to as lava.<\/li><li>The material that reaches the ground includes lava flows, pyroclastic debris, ash and dust and gases such as nitrogen compounds, sulphur compounds and minor amounts of chlorine, hydrogen and argon.<\/li><li>The concentration of radioactive material in this part is the reason for the <strong>formation of the asthenosphere.<\/strong><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Lithosphere: <\/strong>The crust and the uppermost part of the mantle are called lithosphere. Its thickness ranges from 10-200 km. The lower mantle extends beyond the asthenosphere. It is in solid-state.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>3.&nbsp; Core:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>The core-mantle boundary is located at the depth of 2,900 km; it is called as <strong>Weichert- Gutenberg Discontinuity<\/strong>.<\/li><li>It is further classified into <strong>Outer Core <\/strong>(liquid state) and <strong>Inner Core <\/strong>(solid-state).The core is made up of very heavy material mostly constituted by nickel and iron. It is sometimes referred to as the <strong>NIFE LAYER <\/strong>(Nickel + Iron).<\/li><li>The density of the outer core is around 10 gm\/cm<sup>3<\/sup> and the density of inner core varies from 13.3 to 13.6 gm\/cm3.<\/li><li>It accounts for 16% and 32% of the total volume and mass of the Earth respectively.<\/li><li><strong>Connecting dot: <\/strong>The liquid outer core surrounding the solid inner core composed ofiron and nickel creates electrical currents when the Earth rotates on its axis which in turn creates the <strong>magnetic field of the Earth.<\/strong><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Theories associated with formation of continents<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Continental Drift Theory<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>In 1912, a German meteorologist Alfred Wegener put forth the continental drift theory regarding the distribution of the oceans and the continents.<\/li><li>According to the theory, all the continents was a part single continental mass \u2018PANGAEA\u2019 and mega ocean surrounded this landmass called \u2018PANTHALASSA.\u2019<\/li><li>According to the theory, Pangaea landmass began to split around 200 million years ago. It first broke into two large continental masses as,<\/li><li><strong>Laurasia<\/strong>&#8211; Northern components<\/li><li><strong>Gondwanaland<\/strong>&#8211; Southern components. Indian subcontinent was part of it.<\/li><li>Subsequently, both of these components drifted away and in between a shallow sea known as <strong>Tethys sea <\/strong>emerged by filling up the water from Panthalassa.<\/li><li>Later on, <strong>Laurasia <\/strong>and <strong>Gondwana <\/strong>rifted and continued to break into various smaller continents that exist today.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Convectional Current theory<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>It was proposed by <strong>Arthur Holmes.<\/strong><\/li><li>It says that movements due to radioactive elements operating in the mantle portion are the force behind the drifting of crust.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Sea Floor Spreading Theory<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Mapping of ocean floor of the Earth and many paleomagnetic studies reveals,<\/li><li>Volcanic eruption along the mid oceanic ridges.<\/li><li>Rocks at equidistance on both sides of ridges.<\/li><li>Remarkable similarities such as: age, chemical composition, magnetic properties etc.<\/li><li>Thin oceanic floor<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Based on the above facts, <strong>Henry Hess (1961) <\/strong>proposed Seafloor spreading which states,<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Constant eruption causes rupture and pushes the floor apart.<\/li><li>New lava erupts and forms a new crust. Thus, spreads the oceanic floor.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Plate Tectonic Theory<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>The concept of seafloor spreading opened up a possibility to understand the configuration of the surface of the Earth.<\/li><li>Plate tectonic theory is a <strong>unifying theory of continental drift theory and seafloor spreading <\/strong>concept including thermal convection current theory.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Continental drift theory didn\u2019t have acceptable explanations on how continents could move, the seafloor concept provided evidence of the movement of the seafloor while plate tectonic theory unified it with more acceptable evidences.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\" id=\"block-0a7cf85c-e7c7-408b-b6c7-5d7f42e5d4f5\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.oliveboard.in\/tamil-nadu-exams\/?ref=contsp\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Attempt a Free Mock Test<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p id=\"block-51201297-1e33-49eb-81d9-eb9133ed70c1\">Download the free ebook on Lithosphere for TN exams for complete information on the topic. For guidance and practice for <a href=\"https:\/\/www.oliveboard.in\/tamil-nadu-exams\/?ref=contsp\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">TNPSC exams<\/a>, download the Oliveboard app.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p id=\"block-bfefda52-d8d9-4c68-8c68-34d355a29637\"><strong>Also Check:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\" id=\"block-31191ae6-fae9-482a-b7b5-9298da53f8e3\"><li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.oliveboard.in\/bank-exams\/?ref=tsh\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><strong>100+ Free Mock Tests<\/strong><\/a><\/li><li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/play.google.com\/store\/apps\/details?id=in.oliveboard.prep\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Oliveboard Mobile App<\/a><\/strong><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/discuss.oliveboard.in\/?ref=tsh\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><strong>Oliveboard\u2019s discuss forum<\/strong><\/a><\/li><li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/t.me\/obbanking\">Oliveboard Telegram Group<\/a><\/strong><\/li><li><a href=\"http:\/\/bit.ly\/boltSep2019\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><strong>Download BOLT \u2013 Our Monthly General Awareness free e-book<\/strong><\/a><\/li><\/ul>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>TNPSC has released its annual planner 2022. Notifications of various group exams can be expected as per schedule. Geography carries<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":60,"featured_media":89262,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[10389,10442,10390,10431],"tags":[2872,10555,10498,2876,10559,10560,10561,10558,10556,10557,10554,10499],"class_list":["post-89260","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-tamil-nadu-exams","category-tnpsc-group-1","category-tnpsc-group-2","category-tnpsc-group-4","tag-earths-layers","tag-geography-for-tn-exams","tag-geography-for-tnpsc","tag-interior-of-the-earth","tag-interior-of-the-earth-for-tn-exams","tag-interior-of-the-earth-for-tnpsc","tag-layers-of-the-earth-tn-exams","tag-layers-of-the-earth-tnpsc","tag-lithosphere-for-tn-exam","tag-lithosphere-for-tnpsc","tag-tn-exam-for-geography","tag-tnpsc-geography","generate-columns","tablet-grid-50","mobile-grid-100","grid-parent","grid-50"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v26.6 (Yoast SEO v26.6) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Lithosphere for TN exams | Tamil and English Free E-books - Oliveboard<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Download Free e-book on Lithosphere for TN exams in Tamil and English. Concise exam-oriented notes to help you learn and revise for the exams.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.oliveboard.in\/blog\/lithosphere-for-tn-exams\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Lithosphere for TN exams | Tamil and English Free E-books\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"TNPSC has released its annual planner 2022. Notifications of various group exams can be expected as per schedule. 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