{"id":9867,"date":"2017-04-21T04:24:35","date_gmt":"2017-04-21T04:24:35","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.oliveboard.in\/blog\/?p=9867"},"modified":"2022-12-06T18:26:53","modified_gmt":"2022-12-06T12:56:53","slug":"interior-of-the-earth-complete-study-notes","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.oliveboard.in\/blog\/interior-of-the-earth-complete-study-notes\/","title":{"rendered":"Interior Of The Earth: Complete Study Notes"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"yoast-breadcrumbs\"><span><span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.oliveboard.in\/blog\/\">Home<\/a><\/span> \u00bb <span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.oliveboard.in\/blog\/category\/articles\/\">Articles<\/a><\/span> \u00bb <span class=\"breadcrumb_last\" aria-current=\"page\"><strong>Interior of the earth<\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n\n\n<p><strong>Interior of the Earth: <\/strong>Geography is a vast subject and often creates hurdles for candidates. <span style=\"color: #000000;\">The <\/span>Interior\u00a0of the earth is\u00a0an important topic for UPSC CSE preparation. Candidates need to have a depth knowledge to understand this topic properly. In this blog, we will provide you with the details of each aspect of the interior of the earth.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"512\" height=\"341\" src=\"https:\/\/www.oliveboard.in\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/04\/Earth-Interior-Layer-Composition-UPSC-CSE-IAS-Exam-Notes-Geography.png\" alt=\"Earth Interior Layer Composition UPSC CSE IAS Exam Notes Geography\" class=\"wp-image-9868\"\/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><\/span><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Earth has 3 major layers<b>\u00a0<\/b>namely<b>:<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Crust<\/span><\/li><li><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Mantle<\/span><\/li><li><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Core (Outer Core &amp; Inner Core)\u00a0<\/span><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-buttons is-layout-flex wp-block-buttons-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-button aligncenter\"><a class=\"wp-block-button__link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.oliveboard.in\/blog\/coastal-states-india-complete-notes-major-sea-ports-upsc-exam-preparation-notes\/?ref=contvk\">Check the details of the coastal states of India from here!<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Internal layers of the earth<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">The radius of the earth is 6,370 km. Thus, it is impossible to reach the center of the earth and find out about the composition. Also, this composition is changing in nature. The rapid increase in temperature is also one of the factors that put a limit to direct observation of the earth&#8217;s interior.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><em>Sources of information are of two types: Direct &amp; Indirect.<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>Some Direct Sources:<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Rocks&nbsp;(Mining)<\/span><\/li><li><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Volcanic Eruptions<\/span><\/li><\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>Some Indirect Sources:<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Rate of change of temperature and pressure from the surface towards the interior<\/span><\/li><li><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Gravitation<\/span><\/li><li><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Gravity anomaly\u00a0(gravity changes according to the mass of material\u00a0thus giving us information about the materials in the earth\u2019s interior).<\/span><\/li><li><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Meteors\u00a0(they are made up of similar materials as earths)<\/span><\/li><li><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Seismic Waves\u00a0(the shadow zones of body waves give us information about the state of materials in the interior)<\/span><\/li><li><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Magnetism<\/span><\/li><\/ol>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-buttons is-layout-flex wp-block-buttons-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-button aligncenter\"><a class=\"wp-block-button__link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.oliveboard.in\/blog\/coastal-states-india-complete-notes-major-sea-ports-upsc-exam-preparation-notes\/?ref=contvk\">Check the details of the coastal states of India from here!<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">The Crust<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Earth&#8217;s hard outer layer <\/span>is brittle in nature. It is less than 1% of Earth&#8217;s volume. The crust is made up of different types of rocks: igneous, metamorphic, and sedimentary rocks.<\/li><li>The crust is of two different types. One is the continental crust (under the land) and the other is the oceanic crust (under the ocean).<\/li><li>The continental crust has an upper part called granitic rock and forms the continents. Silica and alumina (Sial) are their<span style=\"color: #000000;\"> main constituents.<\/span><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><span style=\"color: #000000;\">The lower part has basaltic rock forming the <\/span>Oceanic floor. Silica, iron, and magnesium (Sima) are its main constituents.<\/li><li>The thickness of the crust varies from 5 to 70 kilometers.\u00a0The continental crust is thicker, and the oceanic crust is thinner.\u00a0The mean thickness of the <span style=\"color: #000000;\">oceanic crust is 5 km whereas that of the continental is around 30 km.<\/span><\/li><li><span style=\"color: #000000;\">The temperature of the crust increases with depth because of geothermal energy. Where the crust meets the mantle the temperatures can be between 200\u00a0\u00b0C (392\u00a0\u00b0F) to 400\u00a0\u00b0C (752\u00a0\u00b0F).\u00a0The crust is the coldest among all\u00a0layers because it is exposed to the atmosphere.<\/span><\/li><li><span style=\"color: #000000;\">The oldest oceanic basalt crust today is only about 200 million years. Most of the continental crust is much older. The oldest continental crustal rocks on Earth are cratons between 3.7 to 4.28 billion years old.<\/span><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-buttons is-layout-flex wp-block-buttons-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-button aligncenter\"><a class=\"wp-block-button__link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.oliveboard.in\/blog\/coastal-states-india-complete-notes-major-sea-ports-upsc-exam-preparation-notes\/?ref=contvk\">Check the details of the coastal states of India from here!<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">The Mantle<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><span style=\"color: #000000;\">The <a class=\"tipHelp\" style=\"color: #000000;\" title=\"mantle\">mantle<\/a> is the mostly-solid bulk of Earth\u2019s interior. The mantle lies between Earth\u2019s <a class=\"tipHelp\" style=\"color: #000000;\" title=\"dense\">dense<\/a>, super-heated <a class=\"tipHelp\" style=\"color: #000000;\" title=\"core\">core<\/a> and its thin outer layer, the <a class=\"tipHelp\" style=\"color: #000000;\" title=\"crust\">crust<\/a>. The mantle is about 2,900 kilometers (1,802 miles) thick<\/span> and makes up a whopping 84% of Earth\u2019s total volume.<\/li><li>It is composed mainly of dense rocks rich in olivine.<\/li><li>The rocks that makeup<span style=\"color: #000000;\"> Earth\u2019s mantle are mostly <a class=\"tipHelp\" style=\"color: #000000;\" title=\"silicate\">silicate<\/a>s\u2014a wide variety of <a class=\"tipHelp\" style=\"color: #000000;\" title=\"compound\">compound<\/a>s that share a silicon and oxygen structure. Common silicates found in the mantle include olivine, garnet, and pyroxene. The other major type of rock found in the mantle is magnesium oxide. Other mantle elements include iron, aluminum, calcium, sodium, and potassium.<\/span><\/li><li><span style=\"color: #000000;\">The <a class=\"tipHelp\" style=\"color: #000000;\" title=\"temperature\">temperature<\/a> of the mantle varies greatly, from 1000\u00b0 Celsius (1832\u00b0 Fahrenheit) near its <a class=\"tipHelp\" style=\"color: #000000;\" title=\"boundary\">boundary<\/a> with the crust, to 3700\u00b0 Celsius (6692\u00b0 Fahrenheit) near its boundary with the core. In the mantle, heat and <a class=\"tipHelp\" style=\"color: #000000;\" title=\"pressure\">pressure<\/a> generally increase with depth.<\/span><\/li><li><span style=\"color: #000000;\">The transfer of heat and material in the mantle helps determine the landscape of Earth. Activity in the mantle drives <a class=\"tipHelp\" style=\"color: #000000;\" title=\"plate tectonics\">plate tectonics<\/a>, contributing to <a class=\"tipHelp\" style=\"color: #000000;\" title=\"volcano\">volcano<\/a>es, <a class=\"tipHelp\" style=\"color: #000000;\" title=\"seafloor spreading\">seafloor spreading<\/a>, <a class=\"tipHelp\" style=\"color: #000000;\" title=\"earthquake\">earthquake<\/a>s, and <a class=\"tipHelp\" style=\"color: #000000;\" title=\"orogeny\">orogeny<\/a> (mountain-building).<\/span><\/li><li><span style=\"color: #000000;\">The upper portion of the mantle is called the <\/span>asthenosphere extending up to 400 km. It is the main source of magma and has a density higher than the crusts.<\/li><li>Repetti discontinuity separates the outer and the inner mantle.\u00a0The lower mantle extends beyond the asthenosphere. It is in a <span style=\"color: #000000;\">solid state.<\/span><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-buttons is-layout-flex wp-block-buttons-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-button aligncenter\"><a class=\"wp-block-button__link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.oliveboard.in\/blog\/coastal-states-india-complete-notes-major-sea-ports-upsc-exam-preparation-notes\/?ref=contvk\">Check the details of the coastal states of India from here!<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">The Core<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><span style=\"color: #000000;\">The <b>Earth&#8217;s core<\/b> is\u00a0the central inner\u00a0part of our planet. It has a solid inner core and a liquid outer core.<\/span><\/li><li><span style=\"color: #000000;\">The <b>outer core<\/b> of the Earth is a liquid layer about 2,260 kilometers thick. It is made of iron and nickel.<\/span><\/li><li><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Accounts for <strong>16 percent<\/strong> of the earth\u2019s volume.<\/span><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Core has the heaviest mineral materials of the <\/span>highest density.<\/li><li>Its outer boundary is 2,890\u00a0km (1,800\u00a0mi) beneath the Earth&#8217;s surface. The transition between the inner core and outer core is approximately 5,000\u00a0km (3,100\u00a0mi) beneath the Earth&#8217;s surface.<\/li><li>The temperature of the outer core ranges from 4400 \u00b0C in the outer regions to 6100 \u00b0C near the inner core. Eddy currents in the nickel-iron fluid of the outer core are believed to influence the Earth&#8217;s magnetic field.<\/li><li>The average magnetic field strength in the Earth&#8217;s outer core was measured to be 25 Gauss, 50 times stronger than the magnetic field at the surface<\/li><li>Without the outer core, life on Earth would be very different. The convection of liquid metals in the outer core creates the Earth&#8217;s magnetic field. This magnetic field extends outward from the Earth for several thousand kilometers and creates a protective bubble around the Earth that deflects the Sun&#8217;s solar wind.<\/li><li>The inner core of the Earth, as detected by seismology, is a solid sphere about 1,216\u00a0km (760\u00a0mi) in radius, or about 70% of that of the Moon. It is believed to be an iron-nickel alloy<span style=\"color: #000000;\"> and may have a temperature similar to the Sun&#8217;s surface, approximately 5778 K (5505 \u00b0C).<\/span><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-latest-posts__list is-grid columns-3 wp-block-latest-posts\"><li><a class=\"wp-block-latest-posts__post-title\" href=\"https:\/\/www.oliveboard.in\/blog\/how-difficult-is-the-ibps-po\/\">How tough is the IBPS PO exam?<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a class=\"wp-block-latest-posts__post-title\" href=\"https:\/\/www.oliveboard.in\/blog\/caiib-abfm-highest-weightage-topics\/\">CAIIB ABFM Highest Weightage Topics, Check Here<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a class=\"wp-block-latest-posts__post-title\" href=\"https:\/\/www.oliveboard.in\/blog\/crack-caiib-2026-in-1st-attempt\/\">How to Crack CAIIB 2026 in 1st Attempt, Check Strategy<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a class=\"wp-block-latest-posts__post-title\" href=\"https:\/\/www.oliveboard.in\/blog\/right-elective-paper-for-the-caiib-exam\/\">How to Choose the Right Elective Paper for the CAIIB Exam<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a class=\"wp-block-latest-posts__post-title\" href=\"https:\/\/www.oliveboard.in\/blog\/maths-quiz\/\">Attempt Maths Quiz and Download Maths Quiz Questions PDF<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Interior of the Earth: Geography is a vast subject and often creates hurdles for candidates. The Interior\u00a0of the earth is\u00a0an<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":108635,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[2469,2532,2871,2872,2456,2877,2686,2763,2687,2689,2876,2452,2875,2873,2874],"class_list":["post-9867","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-articles","tag-best-resources-for-upsc-cse","tag-civil-services-exam-upsc","tag-earths-composition","tag-earths-layers","tag-exam-notes-for-upsc-civil-services","tag-free-mocks-upsc","tag-free-notes","tag-free-notes-for-upsc-cse-civil-services","tag-free-notes-for-upsce","tag-ias-exam-notes","tag-interior-of-the-earth","tag-notes","tag-the-core","tag-the-crust","tag-the-mantle","generate-columns","tablet-grid-50","mobile-grid-100","grid-parent","grid-50"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v26.6 (Yoast SEO v26.6) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Interior of the earth: Get the brief details of each layer.<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Check out the complete study notes for the interior of the earth. Also, get to know the brief details of each internal layer of the earth.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.oliveboard.in\/blog\/interior-of-the-earth-complete-study-notes\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Interior Of The Earth: Complete Study Notes\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Interior of the Earth: Geography is a vast subject and often creates hurdles for candidates. 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