List Of Indian Languages – State-Wise, Overview, National Languages, Regional Languages

For most of the competitive entrance exams, candidates must have a good understanding of topics of general awareness. Languages of India is one such topic that applicants must be aware of as mostly all exams include questions related to this topic. For the benefit of our readers, we have curated a list of Indian languages- state-wise, including official and native ones. It is crucial that you memorize the languages of India intently to score well in the general awareness section of the competitive exams.

List Of Indian Languages- State-wise: Overview

India is known for its diversity of cultures, traditions, and languages, which change dramatically within a few km. India currently has 28 states and eight union territories (UTs), and each one represents its own cultural heritage and own dialect. To crack competitive exams, it is essential to learn about the Indian states, their capitals as well as the national, official/scheduled, and native languages of India. 

According to the Indian Constitution, India does not have any national language; rather, it has two official languages: Hindi and English, which are used in government works. Indians speak 121 different languages and 270 different native languages, making it one of the world’s most linguistically diverse countries in the world. Because of these many languages, states in India have the authority to legislate their own official language(s). However, the Eighth Schedule of the Indian Constitution acknowledges 22 languages as scheduled that are widely spoken throughout the country’s states.

We have compiled a list of Indian languages- state-wise spoken in India’s 28 states and UTs in this blog and split the list into official language(s) and second official language(s) to make it simple for our readers.

National Language Of India

Because of the country’s cultural diversity, no single language serves as the national language of India. However, the Indian constitution has made both Hindi and English the official languages of the country, allowing them to be used for official purposes throughout the country. That implies, Indian parliament or government offices can only use Hindi or English to conduct their works. While all parliamentary proceedings, correspondence between the Central and State Governments, and administrative works throughout the country are conducted in English.

Scheduled Languages Of India

As per Article 343 of the Indian Constitution, the official language of the Union was Hindi in the Devanagari script. Initially, the Indian Constitution had 14 languages, including Assamese, Bengali, Gujarati, Hindi, Kannada, Kashmiri, Marathi, Malayalam, Oriya, Punjabi, Sanskrit, Tamil, Telugu, and Urdu. With time and over several amendments eight more languages; Sindhi, Konkani, Nepali, Manipuri, Bodo, Dogri, Maithili, and Santhali; also got the same privilege. So, the 8th schedule of the Constitution includes 22 scheduled languages. 

Official Languages Of States

The Indian Constitution grants each state the authority to designate any language as their official language. The state legislature can adopt by law a language or languages as the official language(s) for all or some of its purposes. Otherwise, English continues to be used for official purposes in the state.

Continue reading to get the complete list of Indian languages- state-wise and union territory-wise, as well as their second official language(s).

List Of Official Languages Of States

S. N.	State	Official Language	Second Official Language(s)
1.	West Bengal	Bengali and English	Nepali, Urdu, Hindi, Odia, Santali, Rajbanshi, Kurmali, Punajbi, Kamtapuri, Kurukh, and Telugu
2.	Uttarakhand	Hindi	Sanskrit
3.	Uttar Pradesh	Hindi	Urdu
4.	Tripura	Bengali, English, and Kokborok	–
5.	Telangana	Telugu	Urdu
6.	Tamil Nadu	Tamil	English
7.	Sikkim	English, Nepali, Sikkimese, and Lepcha	Gurung, Mukhia, Newari, Rai, Limbu, Magar, Sherpa, and Tamang
8.	Rajasthan	Hindi	–
9.	Punjab	Punjabi	–
10.	Odisha	Odia	–
11.	Nagaland	English	–
12.	Mizoram	Mizo	English and Hindi
13.	Meghalaya	English	Khasi and Garo
14.	Manipur	Manipuri	English
15.	Maharashtra	Marathi	–
16.	Madhya Pradesh	Hindi	–
17.	Kerala	Malayalam	English
18.	Karnataka	Kannada	English
19.	Jharkhand	Hindi	Angika, Bengali, Khortha, Kurmali, Kurukh, Bhojpuri, Ho, Kharia, Magahi, Maithili, Mundari, Santali, Nagpuri, Odia, and Urdu
20.	Himachal Pradesh	Hindi	Sanskrit
21.	Haryana	Hindi	English and Punjabi
22.	Gujarat	Gujarati	Hindi
23.	Goa	Konkani and English	Marathi
24.	Chhattisgarh	Hindi	Chhattisgarhi
25.	Bihar	Hindi	Urdu
26.	Assam	Assamese	Bengali and Bodo
27.	Arunachal Pradesh	English	–
28.	Andhra Pradesh	Telugu	English

List Of Official Languages Of Union Territories

S.N.	Union Territories	Official Languages	Second Official Language(s)
1.	Puducherry	Tamil, French, and English	Telugu and Malayalam
2.	Lakshadweep	Malayalam	English
3.	Ladakh	Hindi and English	–
4.	Jammu and Kashmir	Kashmiri, Urdu, Dogri, Hindi, and English	–
5.	Delhi	Hindi and English	Urdu and Punjabi
6.	Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu	Gujarati, Konkani, Marathi, and Hindi	–
7.	Chandigarh	English	–
8.	Andaman and Nicobar Islands	Hindi and English	–

Conclusion

The above-mentioned list of Indian languages- state-wise and union territory-wise include all 22 official languages of India as mentioned in the Eighth Schedule of the Constitution at the time. We encourage our readers to carefully go through the list and remember all information mentioned in the preceding list to get a good score in the competitive exams. 

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