Nobel Prize Awards 2025, All Categories, Complete List

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The Nobel Prizes are among the most prestigious awards in the world, recognizing individuals and organizations whose work has had an extraordinary impact on humanity. Each year, the prizes honor achievements in Physics, Chemistry, Physiology or Medicine, Literature, Peace, and Economic Sciences. The Nobel Prize Awards 2025 are announced between October 6 and October 13, celebrate groundbreaking discoveries, innovations, and contributions that continue to shape our world

Nobel Prize Awards 2025

The Nobel Prizes are prestigious international awards established by the will of Alfred Nobel, a Swedish inventor, engineer, and industrialist, best known for inventing dynamite. Upon his death in 1896, Nobel bequeathed the bulk of his fortune to establish the prizes, which were first awarded in 1901. The prizes honor outstanding achievements in six categories: Physics, Chemistry, Physiology or Medicine, Literature, Peace, and Economic Sciences.

The selection process for Nobel laureates varies by category:

Physics, Chemistry, and Economic Sciences: Awarded by the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences.
Physiology or Medicine: Awarded by the Nobel Assembly at the Karolinska Institute.
Literature: Awarded by the Swedish Academy.
Peace: Awarded by the Norwegian Nobel Committee, a five-member committee appointed by the Norwegian Parliament.

Each laureate receives a diploma, a gold medal, and a cash award, with the official ceremonies held annually in Stockholm, Sweden, and Oslo, Norway.

Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2025

Winners: Mary E. Brunkow, Fred Ramsdell, Shimon Sakaguchi

Contribution: For their pioneering discoveries in peripheral immune tolerance.

The 2025 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine was awarded to Mary E. Brunkow, Fred Ramsdell, and Shimon Sakaguchi for revealing how the immune system is regulated to prevent it from attacking the body. Their work on regulatory T cells and the FOXP3 gene has opened new avenues in immunology, laying the foundation for novel treatments for autoimmune diseases and advancing cancer therapy research.

Nobel Prize in Physics 2025

Winners: John Clarke, Michel H. Devoret, John M. Martinis

Contribution: For the discovery of macroscopic quantum mechanical tunnelling and energy quantization in an electric circuit.

The Physics Prize recognizes experiments that demonstrated quantum behavior in an electrical circuit large enough to hold in the hand. Their work provides critical insights into the maximum size at which quantum effects can occur, paving the way for next-generation quantum technologies, including quantum computing, quantum sensors, and advanced cryptography.

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Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2025

Winners: Susumu Kitagawa, Richard Robson, Omar M. Yaghi

Contribution: For the development of metal-organic frameworks (MOFs).

The Chemistry Prize celebrates the creation of molecular architectures with spacious, structured frameworks that can host gases and other chemicals. These metal-organic frameworks are revolutionizing material science by enabling water harvesting from desert air, carbon dioxide capture, storage of toxic gases, and catalysis of chemical reactions, offering solutions to pressing environmental and industrial challenges.

Nobel Prize in Literature 2025

Winner: László Krasznahorkai

Contribution: For his compelling and visionary oeuvre that, in the midst of apocalyptic terror, reaffirms the power of art.

The Hungarian writer László Krasznahorkai has been honored for his epic literary works in the Central European tradition. Known for combining absurdism, grotesque intensity, and contemplative reflections, his novels provide a profound commentary on human existence, resilience, and the enduring influence of art in turbulent times.

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Nobel Prize in Peace 2025

Winner: Maria Corina Machado

Contribution: For her tireless work promoting democratic rights for the people of Venezuela and her struggle to achieve a just and peaceful transition from dictatorship to democracy.

The 2025 Nobel Peace Prize honors Maria Corina Machado, a courageous leader of Venezuela’s democracy movement. She has stood as a unifying figure in a once-divided political opposition, advocating for free elections and representative government. Her work exemplifies civilian courage, choosing ballots over bullets, and keeping the flame of democracy alive in Latin America amid challenging times.

Nobel Prize in Economic Sciences 2025

Winner: To be announced on October 13, 2025, by the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences.

Contribution: To be determined.

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Nobel Prize 2025 Winners Summary

The Nobel Prizes continue to honor those whose exceptional contributions advance knowledge, improve human health, and inspire global progress. The 2025 laureates exemplify innovation, courage, and dedication, leaving an enduring impact on science, literature, and society.

Category	Date (2025)	Presented By	Winner(s)	Contribution / Award Citation
Physiology or Medicine	6 Oct	Nobel Assembly at Karolinska Institutet, Solna	Mary E. Brunkow, Fred Ramsdell, Shimon Sakaguchi	For their discoveries concerning peripheral immune tolerance, which prevents the immune system from attacking the body.
Physics	7 Oct	Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences, Stockholm	John Clarke, Michel H. Devoret, John M. Martinis	For the discovery of macroscopic quantum mechanical tunnelling and energy quantisation in an electric circuit.
Chemistry	8 Oct	Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences, Stockholm	Susumu Kitagawa, Richard Robson, Omar M. Yaghi	For the development of metal–organic frameworks (MOFs), molecular structures used for gas storage, catalysis, and water harvesting.
Literature	9 Oct	Swedish Academy, Stockholm	László Krasznahorkai	For his compelling and visionary oeuvre that, amid apocalyptic terror, reaffirms the power of art.
Peace	10 Oct	Norwegian Nobel Committee, Oslo	Maria Corina Machado	For her tireless work promoting democratic rights for the people of Venezuela and her struggle for a peaceful transition from dictatorship to democracy.
Economic Sciences	13 Oct	Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences, Stockholm	To be announced	To be announced

Nobel Prize Winners from India

India has a rich history of Nobel laureates who have made significant contributions across various fields. Below is a table listing all the Nobel Prize winners from India to date:

Year	Laureate(s)	Category	Contribution
1913	Rabindranath Tagore	Literature	First non-European to win the Nobel Prize in Literature.
1930	C. V. Raman	Physics	Discovery of the Raman Effect in light scattering.
1937	Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar	Physics	Theoretical studies on the structure and evolution of stars.
1947	Sir C. V. Raman	Physics	Further contributions to the understanding of light scattering.
1979	Mother Teresa	Peace	Humanitarian work and dedication to the poor in Calcutta.
1984	Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar	Physics	Further contributions to the understanding of stellar evolution.
1998	Amartya Sen	Economic Sciences	Contributions to welfare economics and social choice theory.
2000	Vidiadhar Surajprasad Naipaul	Literature	Novels characterized by a deep understanding of the post-colonial world.
2009	Venkatraman Ramakrishnan	Chemistry	Structural studies of ribosomes.
2014	Kailash Satyarthi	Peace	Advocacy for children’s rights and education.
2017	Abhijit Banerjee, Esther Duflo, Michael Kremer	Economic Sciences	Experimental approach to poverty alleviation.

FAQs

Q1: Who won the Nobel Peace Prize in 2025?
A1: The 2025 Nobel Peace Prize was awarded to Maria Corina Machado for her efforts in promoting democracy and peaceful political transition in Venezuela.

Q2: When were the Nobel Prizes first awarded?
A2: The first Nobel Prizes were awarded in 1901, five years after Alfred Nobel passed away.

Q3: Who selects the Nobel Prize winners?
A3: Selection varies by category:

Physics, Chemistry, and Economic Sciences: Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences
Physiology or Medicine: Nobel Assembly at the Karolinska Institute
Literature: Swedish Academy
Peace: Norwegian Nobel Committee

Q4: Where are the Nobel Prize ceremonies held?
A4: Nobel Prize ceremonies are held annually on December 10. The ceremonies take place in Stockholm, Sweden, for most categories, and in Oslo, Norway, for the Peace Prize.

Q5: How many Nobel Prizes have been won by Indians?
A5: To date, India has had 12 Nobel laureates (including shared prizes), across categories like Physics, Chemistry, Literature, Peace, and Economic Sciences.

Q6: Who was the first Indian Nobel laureate?
A6: Rabindranath Tagore was the first Indian Nobel laureate, winning the Literature prize in 1913 for his poetry collection Gitanjali.

Q7: Which Indian Nobel laureates have won the Peace Prize?
A7: Mother Teresa won the Peace Prize in 1979 for her humanitarian work, and Kailash Satyarthi won in 2014 for his efforts in advocating for children’s rights and education.

Q8: Can an organization win the Nobel Prize?
A8: Yes, particularly the Nobel Peace Prize can be awarded to organizations as well as individuals.

Q9: What does a Nobel laureate receive?
A9: Each Nobel laureate receives a gold medal, a diploma, and a cash prize. The prize amount varies each year based on the Nobel Foundation’s funds.

Q10: When will the Nobel Prizes for Peace and Economic Sciences 2025 be announced?
A10: The 2025 Nobel Peace Prize will be announced on October 10, and the Economic Sciences prize will be announced on October 13, 2025.

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