UPSC EPFO Governance & Constitution of India Syllabus 2026

The Governance and Constitution of India section is an important part of the UPSC EPFO APFC 2026 syllabus. It tests a candidate’s understanding of the Indian Constitution, governance system, rights and duties, Centre-State relations, executive, legislature, judiciary, constitutional bodies and local governments. UPSC has included Governance and the Constitution of India among the subjects for the APFC Recruitment Test 2026.

For effective preparation, candidates should focus not only on constitutional provisions but also on how different institutions function in practice. A clear understanding of the Constitution of India, Parliament, President, Prime Minister, Supreme Court, Panchayati Raj, municipalities and constitutional bodies can help candidates answer both direct and conceptual questions.

What is the UPSC EPFO Governance and Constitution of India syllabus 2026?

The Governance and Constitution section covers the basic framework of the Indian Constitution and the functioning of important institutions of the Indian government. The syllabus begins with the historical background and making of the Constitution and extends to Fundamental Rights, Directive Principles, Fundamental Duties and constitutional amendments.

Topic	Important areas to study
Constitutional Framework	Historical background, making of Constitution, features, Preamble, amendments, Basic Structure
Indian Union & Citizens	Citizenship, Fundamental Rights, DPSP, Fundamental Duties
Centre-State Relations	Legislative, administrative and financial relations, committees, commissions, interstate relations, emergency provisions
Executives in India	President, Vice-President, Prime Minister, Council of Ministers, Cabinet Committees, Governor, Chief Minister
Legislatures in India	Parliament, State Legislature, presiding officers, proceedings, legislative process, Budget, committees
Judiciary in India	Supreme Court, High Courts, subordinate courts, NALSA, tribunals
Constitutional & Non-Constitutional Bodies	Constitutional bodies, non-constitutional bodies, quasi-judicial bodies, pressure groups, regulatory bodies
Local Governments	Panchayati Raj Institutions, Municipalities
Miscellaneous	Union Territories, Scheduled and Tribal Areas, special provisions for states, comparison with other countries

What is the UPSC EPFO APFC syllabus 2026?

The UPSC EPFO APFC syllabus 2026 covers a wide range of subjects, including General English, Indian Culture and Freedom Movements, the Indian Economy, Governance and Constitution, General Science and Computer Applications, Mathematics and Mental Ability, Labour Laws and Social Security, Accountancy, Insurance and Current Affairs. The major subjects included in the UPSC EPFO APFC syllabus are:

Subject	Major Areas Covered
General English	English language and comprehension
Indian Culture, Heritage and Freedom Movements	Indian history, freedom struggle, culture, heritage and architecture
Indian Economy	Developmental issues and present trends
Governance and Constitution	Indian Constitution and governance
General Science & Computer	Basic science and computer applications
Mathematics & Mental Ability	Elementary mathematics, statistics and reasoning
Labour & Social Security	Industrial relations, labour codes and social security
Accountancy & Insurance	Principles of accountancy, auditing and insurance
Current Affairs	National and international events

What is the UPSC EPFO APFC exam pattern 2026?

The UPSC EPFO APFC Recruitment Test 2026 is a two-hour objective-type examination conducted in pen-and-paper mode. The Recruitment Test carries 300 marks and is conducted in English and Hindi, except for the English Language section. Candidates have to mark their answers on an OMR sheet using a black ball pen. There is negative marking of one-third of the marks assigned to a question for every incorrect answer.

Particulars	Details
Selection Stages	Recruitment Test + Interview
Mode of Recruitment Test	Offline/Pen and Paper
Question Type	Objective-Type MCQs
Duration	2 Hours
Maximum Marks	300
Language	English and Hindi, except English Language section
Negative Marking	1/3rd of the marks assigned to the question
Interview Marks	100
RT Weightage	75%
Interview Weightage	25%

What should you study under the Constitutional Framework?

The Constitutional Framework forms the foundation of this section. Candidates should understand how the Indian Constitution evolved, how it was framed and what makes it different from other constitutions. The Constituent Assembly, Preamble, salient features, constitutional amendments and Basic Structure doctrine are particularly important areas. Important topics to cover:

• Historical background of the Indian Constitution
• Constituent Assembly and making of the Constitution
• Sources of the Constitution
• Salient features of the Constitution
• Preamble and its significance
• Parts, Articles and Schedules
• Constitutional amendments
• Important Constitutional Amendments
• Basic Structure doctrine
• Important Supreme Court judgments related to the Constitution
• Federal and unitary features of the Indian Constitution

What are the important topics under Indian Union and Citizens?

This part focuses on the relationship between the Constitution, the Indian Union and its citizens. Candidates should have a clear understanding of citizenship, Fundamental Rights, Directive Principles of State Policy (DPSP) and Fundamental Duties.

• Constitutional provisions related to citizenship
• Citizenship by birth, descent, registration and naturalisation
• Fundamental Rights
• Right to Equality
• Right to Freedom
• Right against Exploitation
• Right to Freedom of Religion
• Cultural and Educational Rights
• Right to Constitutional Remedies
• Directive Principles of State Policy
• Fundamental Duties
• Relationship between Fundamental Rights and DPSP
• Important Supreme Court judgments related to Fundamental Rights

What should you prepare for Centre-State Relations?

Centre-State Relations explain how powers and responsibilities are divided between the Union and the States. Candidates should study legislative, administrative and financial relations between the two levels of government. The topic also includes important committees and commissions, interstate relations, councils and emergency provisions, making it important for understanding India’s federal structure.

• Legislative relations between Centre and States
• Administrative relations
• Financial relations
• Union, State and Concurrent Lists
• Distribution of legislative powers
• Residuary powers
• Inter-State Council
• Zonal Councils
• Finance Commission
• GST Council
• Sarkaria Commission
• Punchhi Commission
• Cooperative federalism
• Competitive federalism
• Inter-State disputes
• Emergency provisions
• President’s Rule
• Financial Emergency

What topics are covered under Executives in India?

The Executive is responsible for implementing laws and running the administration of the country and states. Candidates should understand the constitutional position, powers and functions of the President, Vice-President, Prime Minister and Council of Ministers. At the state level, the focus should be on the Governor, Chief Minister and State Council of Ministers.

Topic	What to Study	Important Articles / Areas
President of India	• Constitutional position • Qualifications • Term and oath • Election • Powers and functions • Veto powers • Pardoning power • Ordinance-making power • Impeachment	• Articles 52–62 • Article 72 • Article 123
Election of the President	• Electoral college • Elected and nominated members • Proportional representation • Single transferable vote • Value of votes • Secret ballot • Election disputes	• Articles 54–55 • Article 71
Qualifications and Term of President	• Eligibility conditions • 5-year term • Re-election • Resignation • Vacancy • Oath of office • Conditions of office	• Articles 56–60
Powers and Functions of President	• Executive powers • Legislative powers • Financial powers • Judicial powers • Emergency powers • Diplomatic powers • Military powers • Veto powers	• Articles 53, 72, 74, 111, 123
Impeachment of President	• Grounds for impeachment • Role of Parliament • Impeachment procedure • Special majority • Removal process	• Article 61
Vice-President	• Constitutional position • Election • Qualifications • Term • Removal • Powers and functions • Role as Rajya Sabha Chairman	• Articles 63–71
Election and Functions of Vice-President	• Electoral college • Proportional representation • Single transferable vote • Election procedure • Role in Rajya Sabha • Functions during Presidential vacancy	• Articles 64–66
Prime Minister	• Constitutional position • Appointment • Powers and functions • Role as head of government • Relationship with President • Role in Parliament • Leadership of Council of Ministers	• Articles 74–75
Council of Ministers	• Composition • Appointment of ministers • Categories of ministers • Tenure • Collective responsibility • Individual responsibility • Six-month rule • Size of Council of Ministers	• Articles 74–75 • 91st Constitutional Amendment
Collective Responsibility	• Meaning • Responsibility towards Lok Sabha • Cabinet unity • No-confidence motion • Resignation of Council after loss of majority	• Article 75(3)
Cabinet and Cabinet Committees	• Meaning of Cabinet • Cabinet vs Council of Ministers • Role of Cabinet • Cabinet Committees • Standing committees • Ad hoc committees • Functions of major committees	• Article 77 • Government of India Transaction of Business Rules
Attorney General of India	• Appointment • Qualifications • Term • Duties and functions • Rights in Parliament • Limitations • Attorney General vs Solicitor General	• Article 76
Governor	• Constitutional position • Appointment • Qualifications • Term• Removal • Powers and functions • Discretionary powers • Relationship with State government	• Articles 153–162
Appointment and Term of Governor	• Appointment by President • Qualifications • 5-year term • Resignation • Removal • Conditions of office	• Articles 155–158
Powers and Functions of Governor	• Executive powers • Legislative powers • Financial powers • Judicial powers • Discretionary powers • Pardoning power • Ordinance-making power • Reserving Bills for President	• Articles 161, 163, 174, 200, 213
Chief Minister	• Constitutional position • Appointment • Qualifications • Powers and functions • Role as real executive head • Relationship with Governor • Role in State Legislature	• Articles 163–164
Appointment and Powers of Chief Minister	• Appointment by Governor • Formation of Council of Ministers • Allocation of portfolios • Leadership of State government • Communication with Governor • Role in administration	• Articles 163–167
State Council of Ministers	• Composition • Appointment • Collective responsibility • Individual responsibility • Size of Council • Six-month rule • Relationship with Chief Minister • Relationship with Governor	• Articles 163–164 • 91st Constitutional Amendment
Governor–Chief Minister Relationship	• Governor as constitutional head • Chief Minister as real executive head • Advice of Council of Ministers • Appointment of ministers • Summoning of Legislature • Governor’s discretionary powers • Hung Assembly situations	• Articles 163–167
Advocate General of State	• Appointment • Qualifications • Term • Duties and functions • Rights in State Legislature • Advocate General vs Attorney General	• Article 165
Important Comparisons	• President vs Governor • Prime Minister vs Chief Minister • Council of Ministers vs Cabinet • Attorney General vs Advocate General • President vs Vice-President • President’s vs Governor’s pardoning powers	• Powers • Appointment/election • Removal • Term • Constitutional position

What should you study under Legislatures in India?

The Legislature is responsible for making laws, approving government expenditure and performing several important oversight functions. Candidates should study the Parliament and State Legislatures, including their composition, powers, presiding officers and legislative procedures. The Budget, parliamentary committees and different stages of law-making are also important areas.

Topic	What to Study	Important Articles / Areas
Parliament	• Lok Sabha • Rajya Sabha • Composition of both Houses • Qualifications and disqualifications of members • Tenure of both Houses • Powers and functions of Parliament	• Articles 79–122 • Representation of People Acts • Lok Sabha and Rajya Sabha
Presiding Officers of Parliament	• Speaker and Deputy Speaker of Lok Sabha • Election and removal • Powers and functions of Speaker • Chairman and Deputy Chairman of Rajya Sabha • Role of Vice-President as Chairman of Rajya Sabha	• Articles 89–95 • Casting vote • Removal procedures
Parliamentary Proceedings	• Sessions of Parliament • Summoning and prorogation • Adjournment and dissolution • Question Hour • Zero Hour • Motions and resolutions • Quorum	• Articles 85–87 • Parliamentary rules and procedures
Bills	• Ordinary Bills • Money Bills • Financial Bills • Constitutional Amendment Bills • Introduction and passage of Bills • President’s assent • Role of both Houses	• Articles 107–111 • Article 110 – Money Bill • Article 117 – Financial Bills • Article 368 – Constitutional Amendment
Joint Sitting	• Meaning and purpose • Situations when joint sitting is used • Who presides over it • Cases where joint sitting is not applicable	• Article 108
Parliamentary Privileges	• Meaning of parliamentary privileges • Individual and collective privileges • Freedom of speech in Parliament • Breach of privilege • Privilege Committee	• Article 105
Budget	• Annual Financial Statement • Budget presentation and discussion • Demands for Grants • Appropriation Bill • Finance Bill • Vote on Account • Cut Motions	• Articles 112–117
Parliamentary Committees	• Standing and Ad hoc Committees • Public Accounts Committee • Estimates Committee • Committee on Public Undertakings • Department-related Standing Committees • Functions and importance of committees	• Financial committees • Department-related committees
Anti-Defection Law	• Meaning of defection • Grounds for disqualification • Role of Speaker/Chairman • Exceptions to disqualification • Merger provision • Impact of the Anti-Defection Law	• Tenth Schedule • 52nd Amendment, 1985 • 91st Amendment, 2003
State Legislature	• Legislative Assembly (Vidhan Sabha) • Legislative Council (Vidhan Parishad) • Unicameral and bicameral states • Composition of State Legislature • Powers and functions	• Articles 168–212
Composition and Tenure	• Composition of Legislative Assembly • Composition of Legislative Council • Election of Council members • Qualifications and disqualifications • Tenure and dissolution of Assembly • Creation and abolition of Legislative Council	• Articles 169–173 • Articles 172–173
Presiding Officers of State Legislature	• Speaker and Deputy Speaker of Assembly • Chairman and Deputy Chairman of Council • Election and removal • Powers and functions	• Articles 178–187
Legislative Procedures	• Ordinary Bills • Money Bills • Financial Bills • Passage of Bills • Role of Governor • Legislative Council’s role in Bills • Joint sitting is not available at state level	• Articles 196–201 • Article 199 – Money Bill
State Budget	• Annual Financial Statement • Demands for Grants • Appropriation Bill • Finance Bill • Vote on Account • Cut Motions	• Articles 202–207
Powers and Functions	• Legislative powers • Financial powers • Control over executive • Electoral functions • Constitutional amendment-related role • Representation of people	• State List and Concurrent List • Legislative control over Council of Ministers
Legislative Committees	• Public Accounts Committee • Estimates Committee • Committee on Public Undertakings • Rules Committee • Privileges Committee • Business Advisory Committee • Functions of committees	• Committee structure and functions

What are the important topics under Judiciary in India?

The Judiciary section covers the structure and functioning of India’s judicial system. Candidates should understand the role of the Supreme Court, High Courts and subordinate courts along with important concepts such as judicial review, judicial activism and Public Interest Litigation. Tribunals and NALSA are also included in the syllabus.

• Supreme Court of India
• Composition and appointment of judges
• Qualifications and tenure of judges
• Jurisdiction of Supreme Court
• Original jurisdiction
• Appellate jurisdiction
• Advisory jurisdiction
• Writ jurisdiction
• Judicial review
• Judicial activism
• Public Interest Litigation
• High Courts
• Powers and jurisdiction of High Courts
• Subordinate courts
• District courts
• Tribunals
• National Legal Services Authority (NALSA)
• Independence of judiciary

What are Constitutional and Non-Constitutional Bodies?

This topic covers institutions that play important roles in administration, regulation, elections, public finance and governance. Candidates should know the constitutional basis, composition, functions and powers of important constitutional bodies. They should also understand the difference between constitutional, statutory, non-constitutional, regulatory and quasi-judicial bodies.

• Important Constitutional Bodies
  • Election Commission of India
  • Union Public Service Commission
  • State Public Service Commission
  • Finance Commission
  • Comptroller and Auditor General of India
  • Attorney General of India
  • Advocate General of State
  • National Commission for Scheduled Castes
  • National Commission for Scheduled Tribes
  • GST Council
• Other important bodies and institutions
  • NITI Aayog
  • Central Information Commission
  • Central Vigilance Commission
  • Lokpal
  • Regulatory bodies
  • Quasi-judicial bodies
  • Pressure groups
  • Statutory bodies

What should you study under Local Governments?

Local Government deals with governance at the grassroots level. Candidates should focus on the 73rd and 74th Constitutional Amendments, which strengthened Panchayati Raj Institutions and urban local bodies. Understanding their structure, functions, elections, reservation and sources of revenue is important for the examination.

Topic	What to Study	Important Articles
Panchayati Raj Institutions	• Meaning and importance of Panchayati Raj • 73rd Constitutional Amendment Act, 1992 • Constitutional status of Panchayats • Three-tier structure • Rural local self-government	• Part IX • Articles 243–243O • 11th Schedule
Three-tier Panchayati Raj System	• Village level – Gram Panchayat • Intermediate level – Panchayat Samiti • District level – Zila Parishad • Structure and role of each level • States where intermediate-level Panchayats may not be required	• Articles 243B–243C
Gram Sabha	• Meaning and composition • Members of Gram Sabha • Powers and functions • Role in local decision-making • Difference between Gram Sabha and Gram Panchayat	• Article 243(b) • State Panchayati Raj laws
Gram Panchayat	• Composition and election • Functions and responsibilities • Role of Sarpanch/Pradhan • Local development activities • Sources of revenue	• Articles 243C–243G
Panchayat Samiti	• Composition • Members and representatives • Functions and responsibilities • Coordination between Gram Panchayats and district-level bodies • Role in rural development	• Intermediate-level Panchayat • State Panchayati Raj laws
Zila Parishad	• District-level structure • Composition • Functions and responsibilities • Coordination of development programmes • Role in district planning	• District-level Panchayat • State Panchayati Raj laws
Reservation in Panchayats	• Reservation for SCs and STs • Reservation for women • Rotation of reserved seats • Reservation of chairperson positions • State-level provisions for other backward classes	• Article 243D
State Election Commission	• Constitution and appointment • Powers and functions • Conduct of Panchayat elections • Independence of the Commission • State Election Commissioner	• Article 243K
State Finance Commission	• Constitution and composition • Functions and recommendations • Distribution of financial resources • Grants-in-aid to local bodies • Review of Panchayat finances	• Article 243I
Tenure of Panchayats	• Five-year tenure • Dissolution of Panchayats • Elections after dissolution • Reconstitution of Panchayats • Conditions for extension or early dissolution	• Article 243E
Functions and Responsibilities	• Preparation of development plans • Economic development • Social justice • Implementation of government schemes • 29 subjects under the 11th Schedule	• Article 243G • 11th Schedule
Sources of Panchayat Revenue	• Local taxes and fees • Grants from State Government • Grants from Central Government • Assigned revenues • State Finance Commission recommendations	• Article 243H • Article 280-related grants
Municipalities	• Meaning and importance of urban local government • 74th Constitutional Amendment Act, 1992 • Constitutional status of municipalities • Types of urban local bodies	• Part IX-A • Articles 243P–243ZG • 12th Schedule
Types of Municipalities	• Nagar Panchayat – transitional area • Municipal Council – smaller urban area • Municipal Corporation – larger urban area • Basic differences between the three	• Article 243Q
Composition of Municipalities	• Elected representatives • Wards and territorial constituencies • Nominated members • Role of MPs and MLAs where applicable • Qualifications and disqualifications	• Articles 243R–243V
Reservation in Municipalities	• Reservation for SCs and STs • Reservation for women • Rotation of reserved seats • Reservation of chairperson positions • State-level provisions	• Article 243T
Urban Planning	• Urban planning and development • Town planning • Land-use regulation • Planning for economic and social development • District Planning Committee • Metropolitan Planning Committee	• Articles 243ZD–243ZE • 12th Schedule
Municipal Functions	• Urban planning • Water supply • Sanitation and waste management • Roads and public health • Slum improvement • Urban poverty alleviation • 18 subjects under the 12th Schedule	• Article 243W • 12th Schedule
State Election Commission for Municipalities	• Conduct of municipal elections • Electoral rolls • Election supervision and control • Role of State Election Commissioner	• Article 243ZA
State Finance Commission for Municipalities	• Review of municipal finances • Distribution of taxes and revenues • Grants-in-aid • Measures to improve financial position	• Article 243Y
Sources of Municipal Revenue	• Property tax • User charges and fees • Local taxes and duties • State Government grants • Central Government grants • Loans and other sources	• Article 243X • State municipal laws

What miscellaneous topics are included in the syllabus?

The miscellaneous portion covers special constitutional arrangements and India’s relationship with other constitutional systems. Candidates should pay attention to Union Territories, Scheduled Areas, Tribal Areas and special provisions for certain states. A basic comparative understanding of the Indian Constitution and other countries’ constitutions can also help in answering conceptual questions.

Topic	What to Study	Important Articles
Union Territories	• Meaning and constitutional position • List of Union Territories • Difference between States and UTs • Creation and reorganisation of UTs • Special provisions for certain UTs	• Part VIII • Articles 239–241
Administration of Union Territories	• Role of Administrator/Lieutenant Governor • Appointment and powers of Administrator • Legislative Assembly in certain UTs • Role of President and Parliament • Special provisions for Delhi, Puducherry and other UTs	• Article 239 • Article 239A • Article 239AA
Scheduled Areas	• Meaning of Scheduled Areas • Criteria for declaration • Administration and control • Role of Governor • Tribes Advisory Council • Protection of tribal interests	• Fifth Schedule • Article 244(1)
Tribal Areas	• Meaning of Tribal Areas • Autonomous District Councils • Autonomous Regional Councils • Administration of tribal areas • Special governance arrangements	• Sixth Schedule • Article 244(2)
Fifth Schedule	• Administration of Scheduled Areas • Scheduled Tribes • Powers of Governor • Tribes Advisory Council • Role of President • Modification of laws in Scheduled Areas	• Fifth Schedule • Article 244(1)
Sixth Schedule	• Administration of tribal areas in Assam, Meghalaya, Tripura and Mizoram • Autonomous District Councils • Autonomous Regional Councils • Legislative, judicial and financial powers of councils • Difference between Fifth and Sixth Schedules	• Sixth Schedule • Article 244(2)
Special Provisions for States	• Need for special constitutional provisions • Special arrangements for different states • Legislative and administrative provisions • Protection of local customs, culture and resources • Differences among special provisions	• Article 371 series
Article 371 Series	• Article 371 – Maharashtra and Gujarat • Article 371A – Nagaland • Article 371B – Assam • Article 371C – Manipur • Article 371D & 371E – Andhra Pradesh/Telangana • Article 371F – Sikkim • Article 371G – Mizoram • Article 371H – Arunachal Pradesh • Article 371I – Goa • Article 371J – Karnataka	• Articles 371–371J • Special provisions for individual states
Constitutional Comparison with Other Countries	• Major features of the Indian Constitution • Comparison with UK, USA, Ireland, Canada, Australia and other countries • Similarities and differences • Parliamentary vs presidential systems • Unitary vs federal features	• Comparative Constitution
Features Borrowed from Other Constitutions	• Parliamentary system – UK • Fundamental Rights – USA • DPSP – Ireland • Federal system with strong Centre – Canada • Concurrent List – Australia • Emergency provisions – Germany/Weimar Constitution • Fundamental Duties – USSR • Amendment procedure – South Africa	• Sources of Indian Constitution • Borrowed features
Indian Federal System Compared with Other Federal Systems	• Federal and unitary features of India • Strong Centre • Distribution of powers • Centre-State relations • Comparison with USA, Canada and Australia • Emergency provisions and their impact on federalism • Cooperative and competitive federalism	• Articles 245–263 • Seventh Schedule • Centre-State relations

What are the most important topics for UPSC EPFO Governance and Constitution?

While candidates should cover the complete syllabus, some areas are particularly useful for focused revision. The Constitutional Framework, Fundamental Rights, DPSP, Fundamental Duties, Centre-State Relations, Parliament, Executive, Judiciary, Constitutional Bodies and Local Governments form the core of the syllabus.

Priority Area	Topics to focus on
High Priority	Preamble, Fundamental Rights, DPSP, Fundamental Duties, Constitutional Amendments
High Priority	President, Prime Minister, Parliament, Supreme Court
High Priority	Centre-State Relations and Emergency Provisions
High Priority	Constitutional Bodies and their functions
High Priority	Panchayati Raj and Municipalities
Moderate Priority	Citizenship and Union Territories
Moderate Priority	Tribunals, NALSA and quasi-judicial bodies
Moderate Priority	Scheduled and Tribal Areas
Revision Area	Comparison with other countries’ constitutions

How can Governance and Constitution help in UPSC EPFO APFC preparation?

Governance and Constitution is relevant to the role of an Assistant Provident Fund Commissioner (APFC) because the position involves public administration, implementation of social-security provisions and interaction with government institutions. EPFO itself operates as a statutory organisation under the Ministry of Labour & Employment, with its Central Board of Trustees constituted under the Employees’ Provident Funds and Miscellaneous Provisions Act, 1952.

Therefore, candidates should not study this subject only as a collection of Articles and facts. Understanding constitutional governance, public institutions, administrative relations and the functioning of government bodies can provide a stronger foundation for the broader APFC examination.

When will the EPFO APFC Recruitment Test 2026 be conducted?

The UPSC EPFO APFC Recruitment Test 2026 is scheduled to be conducted on 20 December 2026. The examination will be conducted in pen-and-paper mode and will be used to shortlist candidates for the Interview.

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