Biodiversity hotspots of India | Free PDF Download

Static GK is an important segment of various government examinations. Questions related to Biodiversity hotspots of India are sometimes asked in this section. To help you in your preparation, we have brought an ebook on the ‘Biodiversity hotspots of India’.

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Sneak Peek into the Biodiversity hotspots of India Free PDF

India has 4 biodiversity hotspots which are:

• Himalayas: Includes the entire Indian Himalayan region (and that falling in Pakistan, Tibet, Nepal, Bhutan, China and Myanmar)
• Indo-Burma: Includes entire North-eastern India, except Assam and Andaman group of Islands (and Myanmar, Thailand, Vietnam, Laos, Cambodia and southern China)
• Sundalands: Includes Nicobar group of Islands (and Indonesia, Malaysia, Singapore, Brunei, Philippines)
• Western Ghats and Sri Lanka: Includes entire Western Ghats (and Sri Lanka)

Himalayas

Geographical extent
750,000 km² spanning Indian states of West Bengal, Sikkim, Assam, Arunachal Pradesh and Kashmir

Species diversity and Endemism

Taxonomic Group	Species	Endemism (%)
Plants	10,000	31.6
Mammals	300	4
Birds	977	1.5
Reptiles	176	27.3
Amphibians	105	40.0
Freshwater Fishes	269	12.3

Important species

Animals: Asian elephant, Snow leopard, Ganges River dolphin, Red panda, Bengal tiger, Greater one-horned rhino, Golden langur, Pygmy hog
Birds: White-winged duck, White-bellied heron, Bengal florican
Plants: Coptis teeta, Gymnocladus assamicus, Illicium griffithii, Lilium polyphyllum, Nardostachys jatamansi

Indo-Burma

2,373,057 km² covering Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Meghalaya, Manipur, Mizoram, Nagaland, and Tripura

Species diversity and Endemism

Taxonomic Group	Species	Endemism (%)
Plants	13,500	51.9
Mammals	433	16.9
Birds	1,266	5.1
Reptiles	522	39.1
Amphibians	286	53.8
Freshwater Fishes	1,262	43.8

Indo-Burma is one of the most threatened biodiversity hotspots, due to the rate of resource
exploitation and habitat loss. Only about 5% of natural habitats remain in relatively pristine
condition, with another 10 to 25% of the land in damaged, but ecologically functional, condition.

Important species

Animals: Saola, Eld’s deer, Cat Ba langur, Fishing cat, Large-antlered Muntjac, the Annamite Muntjac, the Grey-shanked Douc, the Annamite Striped Rabbit, the Leaf Dee
Birds: Giant ibis, Spoonbilled sandpiper, Red-headed vulture and white-rumped vulture, Sarus crane
Freshwater fishes: Irrawaddy dolphin, Mekong giant catfish, Giant carp, Golden carp
Plants: Dendrobium, Paphiopedilum, Aquilaria

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