RRB NTPC General Science 2026 covers important concepts from Physics, Chemistry and Biology as part of the General Awareness section. Questions are generally based on school-level science, including scientific laws, human body systems, chemical reactions, inventions and discoveries. General Science is included in both CBT 1 and CBT 2, making it an important topic for Graduate and Undergraduate candidates. This article provides subject-wise General Science notes, important formulas, scientific facts, inventions and discoveries, and quick revision tables for the RRB NTPC examination.
RRB NTPC General Science 2026 Overview
General Science is included within General Awareness rather than appearing as a separate examination section. The RRB NTPC Syllabus covers General Science and Life Science up to the Class 10 level.
| Particulars | Details |
|---|---|
| Examination | RRB NTPC 2026 |
| Recruitment Categories | Graduate and Undergraduate |
| Subject | General Science and Life Science |
| Main Areas | Physics, Chemistry and Biology |
| Expected Knowledge Level | Up to Class 10 |
| CBT 1 General Awareness | 40 questions |
| CBT 2 General Awareness | 50 questions |
| Separate General Science Section | No |
| Fixed Science Question Count | Not prescribed |
Important: The 40 questions in CBT 1 and 50 questions in CBT 2 represent the entire General Awareness section, not General Science alone. RRB does not prescribe a fixed Physics, Chemistry or Biology question distribution.
Important General Science Topics for RRB NTPC 2026
Candidates should revise basic scientific concepts, definitions, formulas and real-life applications. The table below provides an overview of important topics from the three subjects for RRB NTPC Exam.
| Subject | Important Topics |
|---|---|
| Physics | Motion, Force, Work, Energy, Power, Gravitation, Heat, Light, Sound, Electricity, Magnetism, SI Units |
| Chemistry | Matter, Atoms, Molecules, Elements, Compounds, Chemical Reactions, Acids, Bases, Salts, Metals, Non-Metals, Carbon Compounds |
| Biology | Cell, Tissues, Human Body, Nutrition, Digestion, Respiration, Circulation, Diseases, Vitamins, Reproduction, Plants, Genetics |
| Everyday Science | Scientific Instruments, Inventions, Discoveries, Common Chemicals and Scientific Applications |
RRB NTPC Physics Notes 2026 – Important Laws, Formulas, SI Units and Facts
Physics is an important part of the General Science syllabus for RRB NTPC 2026. Questions generally focus on fundamental scientific laws, formulas, SI units, motion, force, energy, light, sound and electricity. Candidates should understand basic concepts and revise their practical applications to prepare for the General Awareness section. The table below provides important Physics notes for quick revision.
| Category | Topic | Important Facts / Formulas |
|---|---|---|
| Scientific Laws | Newton’s First Law | An object remains at rest or in uniform straight-line motion unless acted upon by a net external force. |
| Scientific Laws | Newton’s Second Law | Force equals the rate of change of momentum; for constant mass, F = ma. |
| Scientific Laws | Newton’s Third Law | Every action has an equal and opposite reaction. |
| Scientific Laws | Law of Gravitation | Every two masses attract each other through gravitational force. |
| Scientific Laws | Conservation of Energy | Energy cannot be created or destroyed; it can only change form. |
| Scientific Laws | Ohm’s Law | V = IR, under constant physical conditions for an ohmic conductor. |
| Scientific Laws | Law of Reflection | Angle of incidence equals the angle of reflection. |
| Scientific Laws | Archimedes’ Principle | Buoyant force equals the weight of the displaced fluid. |
| Scientific Laws | Pascal’s Law | Pressure applied to an enclosed fluid is transmitted throughout the fluid. |
| Scientific Laws | Electromagnetic Induction | Changing magnetic flux through a circuit induces an electromotive force. |
| Important Formulas | Speed | Distance ÷ Time; SI unit: m/s. |
| Important Formulas | Acceleration | Change in Velocity ÷ Time; SI unit: m/s². |
| Important Formulas | Force | F = ma; SI unit: Newton (N). |
| Important Formulas | Momentum | Mass × Velocity; SI unit: kg·m/s. |
| Important Formulas | Work | Force × Displacement in the direction of force; SI unit: Joule (J). |
| Important Formulas | Power | Work ÷ Time; SI unit: Watt (W). |
| Important Formulas | Kinetic Energy | KE = ½mv²; SI unit: Joule (J). |
| Important Formulas | Gravitational Potential Energy | PE = mgh, near Earth’s surface; SI unit: Joule (J). |
| Important Formulas | Density | Mass ÷ Volume; SI unit: kg/m³. |
| Important Formulas | Pressure | Normal Force ÷ Area; SI unit: Pascal (Pa). |
| Important Formulas | Electric Current | Charge ÷ Time; SI unit: Ampere (A). |
| Important Formulas | Electric Resistance | Voltage ÷ Current; SI unit: Ohm (Ω). |
| SI Units | Length | Metre (m) |
| SI Units | Mass | Kilogram (kg) |
| SI Units | Time | Second (s) |
| SI Units | Temperature | Kelvin (K) |
| SI Units | Frequency | Hertz (Hz) |
| SI Units | Electric Charge | Coulomb (C) |
| SI Units | Electric Potential Difference | Volt (V) |
| SI Units | Electric Capacitance | Farad (F) |
| SI Units | Magnetic Flux Density | Tesla (T) |
| Light, Sound and Electricity | Speed of Light in Vacuum | 299,792,458 m/s. |
| Light, Sound and Electricity | Human Audible Frequency Range | Approximately 20 Hz to 20,000 Hz. |
| Light, Sound and Electricity | Sound in Vacuum | Sound cannot travel through a vacuum because it requires a material medium. |
| Light, Sound and Electricity | Rear-View Mirror | Convex mirror. |
| Light, Sound and Electricity | Correction of Myopia | Concave lens. |
| Light, Sound and Electricity | Correction of Hypermetropia | Convex lens. |
| Light, Sound and Electricity | Rainbow Formation | Refraction, dispersion and internal reflection of light. |
| Light, Sound and Electricity | Household Electricity in India | Nominally 230 V, 50 Hz alternating current. |
| Light, Sound and Electricity | Electric Fuse | Protects a circuit by melting when excessive current flows. |
| Light, Sound and Electricity | Transformer | Works on electromagnetic induction involving changing magnetic flux. |
RRB NTPC Chemistry Notes 2026 – Important Chemical Formulas, Acids, Facts and Uses
Chemistry is an important part of the RRB NTPC General Science syllabus. Questions generally cover chemical formulas, acids and bases, metals and non-metals, chemical reactions, common compounds and their everyday uses. Candidates should focus on remembering important formulas, understanding basic chemical properties and revising common applications. The table below provides important Chemistry notes for quick revision.
| Category | Topic | Important Facts / Formulas |
|---|---|---|
| Chemical Formulas | Water | H₂O |
| Chemical Formulas | Common Salt | NaCl |
| Chemical Formulas | Baking Soda | NaHCO₃ |
| Chemical Formulas | Washing Soda | Na₂CO₃·10H₂O |
| Chemical Formulas | Bleaching Powder | Commonly represented as CaOCl₂ |
| Chemical Formulas | Plaster of Paris | CaSO₄·½H₂O |
| Chemical Formulas | Gypsum | CaSO₄·2H₂O |
| Chemical Formulas | Quicklime | CaO |
| Chemical Formulas | Slaked Lime | Ca(OH)₂ |
| Chemical Formulas | Limestone | CaCO₃ |
| Chemical Formulas | Caustic Soda | NaOH |
| Chemical Formulas | Hydrochloric Acid | HCl |
| Chemical Formulas | Sulphuric Acid | H₂SO₄ |
| Chemical Formulas | Nitric Acid | HNO₃ |
| Chemical Formulas | Ammonia | NH₃ |
| Chemical Formulas | Methane | CH₄ |
| Chemical Formulas | Carbon Dioxide | CO₂ |
| Chemical Formulas | Carbon Monoxide | CO |
| Acids and Sources | Citric Acid | Found in citrus fruits. |
| Acids and Sources | Acetic Acid | Main acid present in vinegar. |
| Acids and Sources | Lactic Acid | Found in curd and fermented dairy products. |
| Acids and Sources | Formic Acid | Associated with ant stings. |
| Acids and Sources | Tartaric Acid | Found in tamarind and grapes. |
| Acids and Sources | Ascorbic Acid | Also known as Vitamin C. |
| Acids and Sources | Hydrochloric Acid | Present in gastric juice in the stomach. |
| Acids and Sources | Oxalic Acid | Found in spinach and certain other plants. |
| Important Chemistry Facts | pH of a Neutral Solution | 7 at 25°C. |
| Important Chemistry Facts | Acidic Solution | pH below 7 at 25°C. |
| Important Chemistry Facts | Basic Solution | pH above 7 at 25°C. |
| Important Chemistry Facts | Most Abundant Atmospheric Gas | Nitrogen. |
| Important Chemistry Facts | Most Abundant Element in Earth’s Crust | Oxygen, by mass. |
| Important Chemistry Facts | Metal with Highest Electrical Conductivity | Silver. |
| Important Chemistry Facts | Rusting | Corrosion of iron involving oxygen and moisture. |
| Important Chemistry Facts | Diamond and Graphite | Allotropes of carbon. |
| Important Chemistry Facts | Brass | Alloy primarily made of copper and zinc. |
| Important Chemistry Facts | Bronze | Alloy primarily made of copper and tin. |
| Important Chemistry Facts | Galvanisation | Coating iron or steel with zinc to prevent corrosion. |
| Important Chemistry Facts | Main Component of Natural Gas | Methane. |
| Important Chemistry Facts | Hard Water | Contains appreciable amounts of calcium and magnesium ions. |
| Common Chemicals and Uses | Baking Soda | Used in baking and some antacid formulations. |
| Common Chemicals and Uses | Washing Soda | Used for cleaning and softening water. |
| Common Chemicals and Uses | Bleaching Powder | Used for bleaching and water disinfection. |
| Common Chemicals and Uses | Plaster of Paris | Used for casts, moulds and decorative articles. |
| Common Chemicals and Uses | Quicklime | Used in cement manufacturing and industrial processes. |
| Common Chemicals and Uses | Slaked Lime | Used for whitewashing. |
| Common Chemicals and Uses | Common Salt | Used in food seasoning and the chemical industry. |
| Common Chemicals and Uses | Ammonia | Used in fertiliser production. |
RRB NTPC Biology Notes 2026 – Important Human Body Facts, Vitamins, Diseases and Plant Biology
Biology, also known as Life Science, is an important part of the RRB NTPC General Science syllabus. Questions generally cover human body organs, vitamins and deficiency diseases, microorganisms, common diseases, plant biology and basic biological processes. Candidates should focus on understanding important functions, identifying disease-causing organisms and revising essential biological facts. The table below provides important Biology notes for quick revision.
| Category | Topic | Important Facts / Functions |
|---|---|---|
| Human Body | Heart | Pumps blood throughout the body. |
| Human Body | Lungs | Exchange oxygen and carbon dioxide. |
| Human Body | Kidneys | Filter blood and regulate fluid and electrolyte balance. |
| Human Body | Liver | Produces bile and performs important metabolic functions. |
| Human Body | Pancreas | Produces digestive enzymes and hormones such as insulin. |
| Human Body | Cerebrum | Responsible for thinking, memory and voluntary activities. |
| Human Body | Cerebellum | Coordinates body movements and maintains balance. |
| Human Body | Medulla Oblongata | Helps regulate breathing and heartbeat. |
| Human Body | Small Intestine | Major site of nutrient absorption. |
| Human Body | Alveoli | Main sites of gaseous exchange in the lungs. |
| Human Body | Nephron | Functional unit of the kidney. |
| Human Body | Neuron | Functional unit of the nervous system. |
| Human Body | Red Blood Cells | Transport oxygen through haemoglobin. |
| Human Body | White Blood Cells | Help protect the body against infections. |
| Human Body | Platelets | Play an important role in blood clotting. |
| Vitamins and Deficiency Diseases | Vitamin A | Deficiency may cause night blindness. |
| Vitamins and Deficiency Diseases | Vitamin B1 | Deficiency causes beriberi. |
| Vitamins and Deficiency Diseases | Vitamin B3 | Deficiency causes pellagra. |
| Vitamins and Deficiency Diseases | Vitamin B9 | Deficiency can cause megaloblastic anaemia. |
| Vitamins and Deficiency Diseases | Vitamin B12 | Deficiency can cause megaloblastic anaemia and neurological problems. |
| Vitamins and Deficiency Diseases | Vitamin C | Deficiency causes scurvy. |
| Vitamins and Deficiency Diseases | Vitamin D | Deficiency causes rickets in children and osteomalacia in adults. |
| Vitamins and Deficiency Diseases | Vitamin E | Deficiency may cause neuromuscular problems. |
| Vitamins and Deficiency Diseases | Vitamin K | Deficiency may impair blood clotting. |
| Diseases and Causes | Tuberculosis | Caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. |
| Diseases and Causes | Cholera | Caused by Vibrio cholerae. |
| Diseases and Causes | Typhoid Fever | Caused by Salmonella Typhi. |
| Diseases and Causes | Malaria | Caused by Plasmodium parasites. |
| Diseases and Causes | Dengue | Caused by the dengue virus. |
| Diseases and Causes | AIDS | Caused by infection with the Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV). |
| Diseases and Causes | Rabies | Caused by the rabies virus. |
| Diseases and Causes | Polio | Caused by poliovirus. |
| Diseases and Causes | Ringworm | Caused by dermatophyte fungi. |
| Diseases and Causes | Scurvy | Caused by Vitamin C deficiency. |
| Diseases and Causes | Nutritional Goitre | May result from iodine deficiency. |
| Diseases and Causes | Rickets | Caused by Vitamin D deficiency. |
| Plant Biology | Photosynthesis | Plants use light energy to produce organic food from carbon dioxide and water. |
| Plant Biology | Chlorophyll | Pigment that absorbs light energy during photosynthesis. |
| Plant Biology | Chloroplast | Major site of photosynthesis in plant cells. |
| Plant Biology | Xylem | Transports water and dissolved mineral nutrients. |
| Plant Biology | Phloem | Transports sugars and other organic substances. |
| Plant Biology | Stomata | Regulate gas exchange and water vapour loss. |
| Plant Biology | Transpiration | Loss of water vapour from the aerial parts of plants. |
| Plant Biology | Root Hairs | Increase the surface area for water and mineral absorption. |
| Plant Biology | Pollination | Transfer of pollen to a flower’s receptive reproductive structure. |
| Plant Biology | Fertilisation | Fusion of male and female gametes. |
Exam Note: Pernicious anaemia is specifically associated with impaired Vitamin B12 absorption, often due to intrinsic factor deficiency. It should not be confused with every case of Vitamin B12 deficiency.
Important Inventions, Discoveries and Scientists for RRB NTPC General Science
Scientific inventions and discoveries are important factual topics for RRB NTPC General Science preparation. Questions may ask candidates to identify scientists associated with major discoveries, inventions, scientific theories and contributions to Indian science. The following table combines important scientific discoveries and contributions by Indian scientists for quick revision.
| Category | Invention / Discovery / Contribution | Scientist / Inventor |
|---|---|---|
| Scientific Discoveries | Law of Universal Gravitation | Isaac Newton |
| Scientific Discoveries | Discovery of the Electron | J. J. Thomson |
| Scientific Discoveries | Discovery of the Atomic Nucleus | Ernest Rutherford |
| Scientific Discoveries | Discovery of the Neutron | James Chadwick |
| Scientific Discoveries | Discovery of X-Rays | Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen |
| Scientific Discoveries | Discovery of Penicillin | Alexander Fleming |
| Scientific Discoveries | Discovery of Radioactivity | Henri Becquerel |
| Scientific Discoveries | Discovery of Radium | Marie Curie and Pierre Curie |
| Scientific Discoveries | Periodic Table | Dmitri Mendeleev |
| Scientific Discoveries | Theory of Evolution by Natural Selection | Charles Darwin and Alfred Russel Wallace |
| Scientific Discoveries | First Successful Smallpox Vaccination | Edward Jenner |
| Important Inventions | Development of a Practical Telephone | Alexander Graham Bell |
| Important Inventions | Invention of the Barometer | Evangelista Torricelli |
| Important Inventions | Invention of the Mercury Thermometer | Daniel Gabriel Fahrenheit |
| Important Inventions | Development of a Practical Incandescent Lamp | Thomas Edison and other inventors |
| Important Inventions | Invention of the World Wide Web | Tim Berners-Lee |
| Indian Scientists | Raman Effect | C. V. Raman |
| Indian Scientists | Research in Radio and Microwave Science and Plant Physiology | Jagadish Chandra Bose |
| Indian Scientists | Bose-Einstein Statistics | Satyendra Nath Bose and Albert Einstein |
| Indian Scientists | Major Contributions to Number Theory | Srinivasa Ramanujan |
| Indian Scientists | Nuclear Physics and India’s Atomic Energy Programme | Homi J. Bhabha |
| Indian Scientists | Development of India’s Space Programme | Vikram Sarabhai |
| Indian Scientists | Saha Ionisation Equation | Meghnad Saha |
| Indian Scientists | Research on Stellar Structure and Evolution | Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar |
Important Inventions and Discoveries for RRB NTPC General Science
Inventions, discoveries and scientists are useful factual areas for General Science revision. Questions may ask candidates to match a scientist with an invention, discovery or scientific principle.
| Invention / Discovery | Scientist / Inventor |
|---|---|
| Law of Universal Gravitation | Isaac Newton |
| Discovery of the Electron | J. J. Thomson |
| Discovery of the Atomic Nucleus | Ernest Rutherford |
| Discovery of the Neutron | James Chadwick |
| Discovery of X-Rays | Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen |
| Discovery of Penicillin | Alexander Fleming |
| Discovery of Radioactivity | Henri Becquerel |
| Discovery of Radium | Marie Curie and Pierre Curie |
| Periodic Table | Dmitri Mendeleev |
| Theory of Evolution by Natural Selection | Charles Darwin and Alfred Russel Wallace |
| First Successful Smallpox Vaccination | Edward Jenner |
| Development of a Practical Telephone | Alexander Graham Bell |
| Invention of the Barometer | Evangelista Torricelli |
| Invention of the Mercury Thermometer | Daniel Gabriel Fahrenheit |
| Development of a Practical Incandescent Lamp | Thomas Edison and other inventors |
| Invention of the World Wide Web | Tim Berners-Lee |
| Raman Effect | C. V. Raman |
| Bose-Einstein Statistics | Satyendra Nath Bose and Albert Einstein |
Note: Some inventions developed through the contributions of several people over time. The names above reflect commonly recognised associations; they should not always be interpreted as sole-inventor claims.
Important Indian Scientists and Their Contributions
| Scientist | Important Contribution |
|---|---|
| C. V. Raman | Discovery of the Raman Effect |
| Jagadish Chandra Bose | Research in radio and microwave science and plant physiology |
| Satyendra Nath Bose | Bose-Einstein statistics |
| Srinivasa Ramanujan | Major contributions to mathematics and number theory |
| Homi J. Bhabha | Nuclear physics and development of India’s atomic energy programme |
| Vikram Sarabhai | Development of India’s space programme |
| Meghnad Saha | Saha ionisation equation |
| Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar | Research on stellar structure and evolution |
Important Scientific Instruments for RRB NTPC
Scientific instruments and their uses are useful for one-line factual revision.
| Instrument | Used to Measure / Study |
|---|---|
| Ammeter | Electric current |
| Voltmeter | Electric potential difference |
| Barometer | Atmospheric pressure |
| Thermometer | Temperature |
| Hygrometer | Humidity |
| Anemometer | Wind speed |
| Seismometer | Ground motion, including seismic waves |
| Lactometer | Relative density of milk |
| Hydrometer | Relative density of liquids |
| Sphygmomanometer | Blood pressure |
| Microscope | Very small objects and structures |
| Telescope | Distant objects |
| Spectrometer | Properties of spectra |
| Calorimeter | Heat exchange |
RRB NTPC General Science One-Liner Revision Notes
The following facts cover additional concepts that candidates can revise quickly before practice tests.
| Topic | Quick Revision Fact |
|---|---|
| Earth’s Natural Satellite | Moon |
| Largest Planet in the Solar System | Jupiter |
| Red Planet | Mars |
| Gas Essential for Aerobic Respiration | Oxygen |
| Ozone Layer | Located mainly in the stratosphere |
| Atomic Number | Number of protons in an atom’s nucleus |
| Isotopes | Atoms of the same element with different neutron numbers |
| Universal Blood Donor for Red Cell Transfusion | O negative |
| Universal Blood Recipient for Red Cell Transfusion | AB positive |
| Normal Human Body Temperature | Approximately 37°C |
| Human Chromosomes | Usually 46 in 23 pairs in somatic cells |
| Largest Organ of the Human Body | Skin |
| Longest Bone in the Human Body | Femur |
| Smallest Bone in the Human Body | Stapes |
| Main Nitrogenous Waste in Human Urine | Urea |
| Atmospheric Gas Used by Nitrogen-Fixing Bacteria | Nitrogen |
| Unit of Electric Energy in Domestic Billing | Kilowatt-hour |
| One Kilowatt-hour | 3.6 × 10⁶ joules |
| Boiling Point of Pure Water at 1 Atmosphere | 100°C |
| Freezing Point of Pure Water at 1 Atmosphere | 0°C |
RRB NTPC General Science Questions for Practice
After studying the notes, candidates should test their understanding with topic-wise questions from Physics, Chemistry and Biology.
| Practice Resource | Details |
|---|---|
| General Science Questions for RRB NTPC | 100 important science questions, topic-wise practice and live quiz |
| RRB NTPC Previous Year Papers | Previous year examination questions |
| RRB NTPC Mock Tests | Complete examination practice |
| How to Prepare General Science for RRB NTPC | Subject-wise strategy, books and study timetable |
RRB NTPC General Science 2026 FAQs
General Science includes fundamental concepts from Physics, Chemistry and Life Science. It forms part of the General Awareness section in RRB NTPC CBT 1 and CBT 2.
There is no fixed official number of General Science questions. The General Awareness section contains 40 questions in CBT 1 and 50 questions in CBT 2, including questions from several subjects.
The syllabus covers General Science and Life Science up to the Class 10 level.
Important topics include Motion, Force, Work, Energy, Heat, Light, Sound, Electricity, Magnetism, scientific laws and SI units.
Candidates should revise Chemical Reactions, Acids, Bases, Salts, Metals, Non-Metals, Common Chemical Formulas and Carbon Compounds.
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