Agricultural Markets Ebook for NABARD Grade A, Download Now

The National Bank for Agriculture and Rural Development holds exams for Grade-A positions every year. One crucial part of the exam is the Agricultural and Rural Development section which deals with rural agriculture, markets, growth, and development. Aspiring candidates should refer to ARD Study notes for NABARD Grade A to get a comprehensive idea of the topics, which in turn, will help them perform better in the exams. In this section, we discuss Agricultural Markets: Concept, Classification, and Factors Affecting Its Growth.

Agricultural Markets – Concept, Classification, and More

What are Agriculture Markets?

Agricultural marketing mainly involves selling and buying agricultural products. Earlier, when the economy of the village was somewhat self-sufficient, agricultural product marketing seemed easier since the farmers sold their produce to the consumer on a barter or cash basis.

Today, agricultural marketing undergoes a series of transfers or exchanges from person to person before it reaches the consumer. Three marketing functions are involved in this – preparation for consumption, assembling, and distribution.

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Classification of Agricultural Markets

Agricultural markets can be broadly categorized into the following –

» Wholesale Markets

Wholesale markets sell the goods to the retailer. A wholesaler receives goods in abundance from the manufacturers and distributes the same to different stores, from where consumers purchase the products

Wholesale markets can again be subdivided into –

Primary Markets – These markets are held periodically, usually once or twice a week (e.g. – village markets). The agricultural produce comes from nearby villages. These markets sell food grains, vegetables, fruits, and other household requisites.
Secondary Markets – Popularly known as ‘mandis’, these markets are located at a taluka headquarter or districts. Small, marginal merchants purchase agricultural produce from the primary markets and sell in the secondary markets. Some cultivators even sell their products directly in these markets. Each secondary wholesale market covers an area of about 10-12 miles (e.g. – taluka or district markets).
Terminal Markets – These markets are located at a central site, usually in a big city/state that serves as an assembly and trading point for commodities. Terminal wholesale markets are usually seen near or at major transportation hubs.

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» Retail Markets

Retail markets are spread all across the town/city subject to municipal control. Generally, these markets deal in all forms of produce and cater to the needs of the urban people as well as of the villagers. Specific retail markets are located in specific localities. For example – vegetables and grains are sold in one locality, while clothes are sold in another locality. The goods or products are sold directly to the consumers.

» Fairs

Fairs are usually held at pilgrim centers on auspicious, religious occasions. These markets deal in agricultural produces, livestock, etc. For example – the Magh Mela held in Allahabad.

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Factors Affecting the Growth of Agricultural Markets

The growth of Indian agricultural markets depends on certain economic factors, such as the following –

Market Type – The distance of the production site from the market determines the transportation cost. Agricultural crops, and vegetables are usually grown near the market site, while sugarcane is grown in urban centers, at places where sugar mills have developed. Similarly, dairy farming develops in the cities, which serve as dairy markets.

Transportation – The development of efficient transportation means expanding the agricultural markets.

Capital – In recent times, agriculture has become mechanized. This involves large capital investments. The purchase of fertilizers, pesticides, machinery, and HYV seeds requires a lot of money. Unfortunately, most farmers in India live below the poverty line and are unable to purchase or use such modern agricultural technologies/equipment. This majorly affects the production of agricultural crops. Thus, the availability of capital plays a prominent role in agricultural development.

Labour – The labour supply determines the type and character of agriculture. A huge supply of labour at cheaper rates is required for intensive cultivation. The availability of efficient, cheap labour is important for the cultivation of tea, rice, rubber, and cotton.
Government Policies – Government policies have a significant influence on the growth of markets in the agricultural sector. The Govt. may limit the cultivation of a particular crop or force the poor farmers to grow a certain type of crop. For example, the area under oilseeds and sugarcane cultivation in India has increased after the Govt. put greater emphasis on these crops.

India is primarily an agricultural country. One-third of the country’s population is dependent indirectly or directly on the agricultural sector. Indian agriculture accounts for 25% of the country’s GDP. With humankind in need of food, much emphasis is on commercializing agricultural production. Therefore, even distribution and adequate production of food have become a major global concern.

That is all from us in this Agricultural Markets Ebook for NABARD Grade A. Keep checking this space for NABARD Exam updates, Study Materials.

Also, check out the below-given links

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How to Prepare for NABARD Grade A Exam?

If you are a candidate who has never prepared for the NABARD Grade A Exam before and is scared of the Agriculture section that is asked in the exam, then you must check out the following success stories:

Success Story of Anantha Giri Padmanabhan
Success Story of Himanshu Baliyan

Special Note: Any Graduate candidate from any discipline can apply for this exam. With a systematic way of preparation, aspirants can smoothly get good marks in the Agriculture section.

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Saloni Singhal

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