Important Topics From Computer Awareness- History, Generation, Hardware, Software, Memory

Computer knowledge is usually the portion of any competitive/recruitment exam that gets the least attention. According to recent competitive exam analysis, the Computer Knowledge component is the easiest to solve, but many candidates overlook it. It takes a relatively short amount of time to solve. As a result, if done seriously, it can significantly improve your overall score. This blog will discuss important topics from computer awareness. With this continuous preparation, you can cover the complete syllabus, starting from the beginning. So, when it’s time for the exam, you’ll only have to go over all of the topics again.

Important Topics From Computer Awareness

We’ve included some crucial computer awareness themes below; you can download computer awareness materials for future use.

History Of Computer

The term “computer” has an intriguing history. It was first used in the 16th century to describe someone who computed, i.e., did calculations. Until the twentieth century, the word was used in the same way as a noun. Women were employed to work as human computers, performing all types of calculations and computations.

By the late nineteenth century, the term had also come to refer to machines that performed calculations. The term is now commonly used to describe programmable digital devices that run on electricity.

Generation Of Computer

A computer generation refers to the specific advancements in computer technology across time. To execute the counting, engineers invented electronic paths known as circuits in 1946, and it replaced the gears and other mechanical pieces used in prior computer machines for counting.

The circuits in each successive generation became smaller and more advanced than those in the preceding generation. Miniaturization aided in increasing computer speed, memory, and power.

Computers are classified into five generations, which are explained here.

• First Generation Computers: The initial generation of computers (1946-1959) was slow, large, and expensive. Vacuum tubes were employed as the basic components of the CPU and memory in these computers. In this generation, magnetic tape and paper tape were employed as output and input technologies.
• Second Generation Computers: These computers employed transistors, which were inexpensive, small, and consumed less power; this resulted in transistor computers being faster than first-generation computers. These computers employed assembly language and programming languages such as COBOL and FORTRAN and batch processing and multiprogramming operating systems.
• Third Generation Computers: Instead of transistors, third-generation computers employed integrated circuits (ICs). A single integrated circuit (IC) can contain many transistors, increasing the power of a computer while decreasing its cost. Computers also got more dependable, efficient, and compact.
• Fourth Generation Computers: The fourth generation of computers (1971-1980) made use of very large-scale integrated (VLSI) circuits, which consisted of a chip containing millions of transistors and other circuit parts. These processors made computers of this generation more small, powerful, fast, and economical.
• Fifth Generation Computers: VLSI technology was replaced with ULSI in the fifth generation (1980-to-date) computers (Ultra Large Scale Integration). Parallel processing hardware and AI (Artificial Intelligence) software were used in this generation of computers. C, C plus plus, Java, .Net, and other programming languages were employed in this generation.

Computer Hardware And  Software

• Hardware: Computer hardware encompasses all of a computer’s electrical, mechanical, and electronic components. Any visible or touchable component is hardware, such as input devices (keyboard, mouse, etc.), output devices (display unit, printer, etc.), and storage devices (hard disc, etc.).
• Software: It necessitates a series of instructions that advise the computer on what to do with the input data. This set of instructions is referred to as a program in computer parlance, and one or more programs are referred to as software.

Computer Memory 

The storage unit’s memory unit is the quantity of data that can be stored in it. Bytes are used to measure the storage capacity.

Types Of Computer

All computers that are developed are not the same; instead, they have distinct designs and functionality. Some computers have a large storage capacity and a fast processing speed; nevertheless, some are slow. Computers are being designed based on the requirements.

Computer systems are classified based on their internal structure and subsequent features and applicability.

• Mainframe Computer: It is a high-capacity, high-priced computer. It is typically employed in large organisations where many individuals can use it at the same time.
• Super Computer: This is the most powerful computer category, but it is also the most expensive. A typical supercomputer can perform up to ten trillion calculations per second.
• Workstation Computer: This category’s computer is high-end and pricey. It is designed specifically for sophisticated task purposes.
• Personal Computer: It is a small computer designed for single people.

Computer Architecture And Components

Computer architectures reflect the way of interconnecting the hardware components of a computer, as well as the mode of data flow and processing displayed. The CPU is at the core of the basic architecture, with the main memory and an input/output system on either side of the CPU.

Types Of Operating System 

An operating system is a program that runs application applications and serves as a communication link (interface) between the user and computer hardware. The various types of operating systems are.

• Batch Operating System: This form of operating system does not directly interface with the computer. There is an operator that groups similar jobs with the same requirements into batches.
• Time-Sharing Operating Systems: Each duty is given some time to complete so that everything runs well. Because they share a single machine, each user receives CPU time. These systems are also referred to as Multitasking Systems.
• Distributed Operating System: These operating systems are a recent innovation in the realm of computer technology and are widely acknowledged all around the world.

Computer Security

Computer security is the safeguarding of computer systems and data against injury, theft, and illegal access. It’s the method of guarding against and detecting illegal access to your computer system.

It can be divided into the following categories.

• Information Security: Information security refers to the protection of data against illegal access, modification, and deletion.
• Application Security: Application security refers to the process of safeguarding an application by incorporating security measures to guard against cyber threats such as SQL injection, DoS attacks, data breaches, and so on.
• Network Security: Network security is achieved by safeguarding both software and hardware technology.
• Cyber Security: Cyber security is defined as the protection of computer systems that communicate over computer networks.

Programming Languages

A programming language is a set of instructions that are assembled by the CPU (Central Processing Unit) to complete a specific task. The term programming language primarily refers to high-level languages like C, C plus plus, Pascal, Ada, COBOL, and so on.

• OSI Model

The International Organization for Standardization (ISO) developed the open systems interconnection (OSI) model, which allows different communication systems to communicate via standard protocols.

• Extension

A portion that is added to something to extend or enlarge it is known as an ext. or extension. In the case of computer cables, an extension cable or extension cord is a cord that can connect to another cord to extend its overall length.

A power extension cord, USB extension cable, DVI/VGA extension cable, and network extension cable are all examples of extension cords commonly used with computers.

Conclusion

Computer Awareness is a crucial issue that is also extremely simple to score. Join Oliveboard to receive a list of Important Topics from Computer Awareness that will assist you in achieving good scores.

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