Networking Devices and Protocols for SSC CGL Tier 2

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Understanding networking devices and protocols is important for SSC CGL Tier 2, especially for questions in Computer Awareness. This blog covers the key devices, their functions, and common protocols in a simple way.

What is a Network?

A network is a system that connects two or more computers or devices to share resources like data, software, and internet. Networking is essential for communication in offices, schools, and organizations.

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Types of Networks

Networks can be classified based on area and size:

LAN (Local Area Network): Covers a small area like a building.
WAN (Wide Area Network): Covers a large area like a city or country.
MAN (Metropolitan Area Network): Covers a city or town.
PAN (Personal Area Network): Covers a personal device area, like Bluetooth connections.

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Networking Devices

Networking devices are used to connect computers and manage data transfer. Here are the key devices for SSC CGL Exam Tier 2:

Device	Function	OSI Layer	Key Points
Hub	Connects multiple computers in a network.	Layer 1 – Physical Layer	Broadcasts data to all devices; least intelligent device.
Switch	Connects multiple devices and forwards data to the intended device only.	Layer 2 – Data Link Layer	More efficient than a hub; reduces data collisions.
Router	Connects different networks and routes data between them.	Layer 3 – Network Layer	Used to connect LAN with the Internet; makes routing decisions.
Modem	Converts digital signals to analog and vice versa.	—	Enables internet access over telephone lines; stands for Modulator-Demodulator.
Access Point (AP)	Provides wireless access to a network.	Layer 2 – Data Link Layer	Connects Wi-Fi-enabled devices to a wired LAN.
Repeater	Strengthens and extends the range of network signals.	Layer 1 – Physical Layer	Used to regenerate weak signals over long distances.
Firewall	Monitors and controls network traffic for security.	Layer 3 & above	Protects network from unauthorized access and threats.

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Networking Protocols

Protocols are rules that define how data is transmitted over a network. Common protocols for SSC CGL Tier 2 include:

Protocol	Full Form	Function
TCP	Transmission Control Protocol	Ensures reliable data transfer
IP	Internet Protocol	Routes data packets across networks
HTTP	HyperText Transfer Protocol	Used to browse websites
HTTPS	HyperText Transfer Protocol Secure	Secure browsing using encryption
FTP	File Transfer Protocol	Transfers files between computers
SMTP	Simple Mail Transfer Protocol	Sends emails
POP3	Post Office Protocol	Receives emails
DHCP	Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol	Assigns IP addresses automatically
DNS	Domain Name System	Converts domain names into IP addresses

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Key Takeaways:

Below are the key takeaways:

Hub, switch, and router are common networking devices.
TCP/IP is the backbone protocol for the Internet.
HTTP/HTTPS are widely asked in SSC CGL computer awareness.
Understanding OSI layers helps in solving networking questions.
Firewalls and access points are important for security and wireless networks.

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FAQs

Q1. What is the function of a router in a computer network?

Ans. A router connects different networks and routes data packets between them. It works at the Network Layer (Layer 3) of the OSI model.

Q2. Which networking device works at the Physical Layer of the OSI model?

Ans. Devices like Hub and Repeater operate at the Physical Layer (Layer 1).

Q3. What is the difference between a hub and a switch?

Ans. A hub broadcasts data to all connected devices, while a switch sends data only to the intended device, making it more efficient.

Q4. What does a modem do in a network?

Ans. A modem converts digital signals to analog and vice versa, allowing internet connectivity through telephone lines.

Q5. What is the use of a firewall?

Ans. A firewall monitors and controls network traffic to protect systems from unauthorized access and cyber threats.

Mahima Khurana

I’m Mahima Khurana, a writer with a strong passion for creating meaningful, learner-focused content especially in the field of competitive exam preparation. From authoring books and developing thousands of practice questions to crafting articles and study material, I specialize in transforming complex exam-related topics into clear, engaging, and accessible content. I have first hand experience of 5+ months in SSC Exams. Writing, for me, is not just a skill but a way to support and guide aspirants through their preparation journey one well-written explanation at a time.