Impact of Globalization on Agriculture Ebook for NABARD Grade A

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Impact of Globalization on Agriculture Ebook for NABARD Grade A
Home » Regulatory Exams » Impact of Globalization on Agriculture Ebook for NABARD Grade A

NABARD recruits officers for the post of Grade A almost every year. The agriculture section is an important part of both Phases I and II of the NABARD Grade A exam. Therefore it becomes crucial to know the basic concepts of Agriculture. The topic of the Impact of Globalization on Agriculture is an important one in the syllabus. For your reference, here we are providing you with NABARD Grade A notes that will help you with your preparation.

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Impact of Globalization on Agriculture

What is Globalization?

Globalization refers to the free movement of people, goods, and services across the globe in an integrated, seamless manner. Globalization is the outcome of the opening up of the global economy and the increase in trade between nations. To state it simply, when countries that were previously closed to foreign investment and trade open up their economies and go global, it results in the integration and interconnectedness of economies. Further, globalization means that countries liberalize their import agreement and welcome foreign investment into their main sectors.

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What is the Impact of Globalization on Agriculture?

Globalization can enhance agriculture’s role greatly as a growth engine in countries with low income by expanding agriculture faster than domestic consumption. Globalization increases agriculture’s potential to enhance food security through multipliers to the non-tradable, massive, employment-intensive rural sector.

Globalization has accelerated the growth of agricultural production at a faster rate than ever before. The rate of growth 10 years earlier was 3%, and now it has gone up to about 4-6%. However, these increased growth rates involve a considerable change in its composition. Initially, the growth came from food staples when the scope for the export market is limited. Now, the inclination is towards high-value commodities. Growth in the income of the countries means that production may now occur in large aggregates in markets that were formerly small niches (e.g. – high-quality tea, coffee). The horticulture markets have also immensely grown and continue to flourish at present.

As exports of agricultural commodities take a hike, demand for horticulture and livestock on the domestic level will also see a rapid increase. Thus, in countries with low income, about half the increments will be in high-value livestock and horticulture for both domestic use and export. As a consequence, cereal production will become less important.

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With the production mix shifting towards high-value crops, export crops, and horticulture, the rate of ROI reducing the cost of transactions will rapidly increase. This is true for investments in value-added enterprises. However, much of this activity takes place through capital-intensive processes. Complexities are also present in marketing. Both will provide a comparative advantage to countries with a high-income population. Low-income countries, at each step, just look at comparative advantage in the chain from consumer to producer and must avoid attempting components in which they have little or no comparative advantage.

In the global economy, cereal plays a vital role in food security. The shipping cost is witnessing a decline. In developing countries, the following two forces are likely to lead to an increase in the import of cereals –

  • First, specialization and globalization may result in an increase in the farming area of high-value commodities and lead to the potential of a reduction in the cereals plantation area if either extensification or increased intensity of production seems impossible.
  • Secondly, an income distribution shift toward food insecurity, and low income will move the demand schedule in the upward direction.

Low-income countries, thus, may benefit from the decline in prices of cereals, even while they lose from declining costs of other agricultural commodities.

Another way globalization has affected the agricultural sector is through medicinal cultivation and biofuel. There is a crisis in food security in the country because a significant portion of the land has been designated to grow crops for biofuel. Wheat, rice, and other crops are usually harvested in huge quantities. Nevertheless, the number of crops being used for biofuel is largely unregulated, with an insufficient amount going to the needy and poor.

Globalization will continue to advance. Countries that do not spend enough on technology and research, and do not upgrade their rural infrastructure while reducing the cost of the transaction, will continue to experience declining prices of agricultural commodities but without nullifying decreases in production costs.  On the other hand, in countries where costs of production are reduced by improved infrastructure and research, agriculture can grow 50% higher than in the past. That would have powerful multipliers to the rural sector, thereby increasing employment, reducing poverty, and increasing food security.

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How to Prepare for the NABARD Grade A Exam?

If you are a candidate who has never prepared for the NABARD Grade A Exam before and is scared of the Agriculture section that is asked in the exam, then you must check out the following success stories:

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Special Note: Any Graduate candidate from any discipline can apply for this exam. With a systematic way of preparation, aspirants can smoothly get good marks in the Agriculture section.

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