The sentence is describing how climate change has affected resources in developing countries. The phrase "placed an enormous (A) on resources" suggests we need a noun that conveys the idea of pressure, burden, or depletion - something negative that has affected the availability or condition of resources.
Option a): Grammatically, this is a noun, so it fits in the sentence structure. Contextually, however, "reserve" refers to something saved or stored, which does not match the idea of a negative impact or burden. It is not meaningful to say that climate change has placed an enormous "reserve" on resources.
Option b): Grammatically, this is a verb, not a noun, so it does not fit the sentence structure that requires a noun after the adjective "enormous."
Option c): Grammatically, "count" can be a noun, so it fits the sentence structurally. Contextually, it refers to a total or tally, which is unrelated to the idea of climate change negatively affecting resources. It does not suggest pressure, depletion, or strain.
Option d): Grammatically, "drain" is a noun and fits the sentence structure. Contextually, it works perfectly. "Drain" refers to a heavy use or depletion of something, which aligns well with the idea of resources being overused or exhausted due to climate change. This makes it both grammatically and contextually the best fit.
Option e): Grammatically, "preference" is a noun, so it fits structurally. Contextually, it refers to a choice or liking for something, which has no connection with the idea of resources being strained or negatively impacted. It does not convey the intended meaning in the sentence.
Hence, option (d) is the answer.
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