Besides: This word is used to add information or to introduce an additional point that supports or supplements the previous statement. In the context of the passage, "besides" works well because it introduces the idea that, in contrast to the failure of animals to predict some events, there are other types of events (unnatural calamities) that may be forecasted by omens. It implies an addition to the previous idea.
Hence, option (a) is the answer.
Secondly: This word typically introduces the second point in a series or list. In this passage, there isn't a clear sequence or numbered order of ideas that would justify using "secondly." The paragraph doesn't present points in a structured or numbered way, so "secondly" would sound out of place here.
Therefore: "Therefore" is used to indicate a conclusion based on previous reasoning or facts. It links a cause with an effect. In the passage, the previous sentence does not lead to a clear conclusion that would require "therefore." The passage is more about introducing a new perspective rather than drawing a conclusion, so "therefore" doesn't fit here.
Despite: "Despite" introduces a contrast, showing that something happens regardless of a particular condition or situation. It would typically be followed by a noun or noun phrase, but here it would be grammatically awkward. "Despite" would imply a contradiction or opposition that doesn't work well with the flow of ideas in the passage.
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