'Weather' is a singular noun, and according to subject verb agreement, the usage of 'have' is wrong. According to subject verb agreement, 'have' should be replaced with 'has'. Only an adverb can qualify an adjective. So, in order to qualify the adjective 'warm', we should use 'relatively' instead of 'relative'. Hence, option (a) is eliminated. The given sentence is in continuous tense, evident from the usage of 'are missing'. Hence, we cannot use past participle form of verb after 'has/had'. According to this, (b) and (c) are eliminated. In option (d), correct adverb is used to qualify the adjective 'warm' and present perfect continuous tense is used which is apt for the sentence. Hence, option (d) is correct.
Note:
Subject-Verb Agreement: Matching up singular or plural subjects with singular or plural forms of a verb is part of the process called agreement. This can be understood better by the examples given: - "She likes cooking." [singular subject and verb] -- "They like to cook vegetables." [plural subject and verb]
Participle: A word formed from a verb (e.g. going, gone, being, been) and used as an adjective (e.g. working woman, burnt toast) or a noun (e.g. good breeding). In English participles are also used to make compound verb forms (e.g. is going, has been). Consider the sentences given below:
Dancing at the party, the women fell on the ground.
Encouraged by her parents, Rita went on to pursue her passion.
The highlighted word in the first sentence is of the form Verb + ing and is used as a present participle. It is used to denote an action that is going on or incomplete or imperfect.
The highlighted word in the second sentence is of the form verb + ed. It is used as a past participle. It denotes completed action or state of the thing spoken of.
A past participle ends with the following: -ed, -d, -t, -en, or -n.
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