The error is present in part C of the sentence. 'Modal verbs' are always followed by a base form of verb, so the use of 'shaped' is incorrect. It should be replaced with 'shape'.
Hence, option (c) is correct.
The correct sentence is: Abusive language posted on online spaces where the sport is now consumed by global audiences may shape perceptions of skateboarding as neither inclusive nor safe for women.
NOTE:
Modal verb: A verb used with another verb to express an idea such as possibility that is not expressed by the main verb. The modal verbs in English are "can," "could," "may," "might," "must," "ought," "shall," "should," "will," and "would." They do not change their form (spelling) and they have no infinitive or participle (past/present). Example: I can speak Spanish. Here 'can' expresses the ability of the person to speak (main verb) Spanish. This ability cannot be expressed by the main verb 'speak'.
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