• Golak Nath Case, 1967: Held that Parliament cannot curtail fundamental rights through amendments, declaring them inviolable.
• Indira Sawhney Case, 1992: Supreme Court upheld 27% OBC reservation in public sector jobs, introduced the 50% cap on total reservations, and excluded the creamy layer from benefits.
• Kesavananda Bharati Case, 1973: Established the Basic Structure Doctrine, ruling that Parliament cannot amend the Constitution's core features, limiting its amendment powers under Article 368.
• Minerva Mills Case, 1980: Struck down parts of the 42nd Amendment, reinforcing the Basic Structure Doctrine and balancing fundamental rights with directive principles.
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