• In 1956, Francis C. Evans explicitly described the ecosystem as "the basic unit in ecology" in his article titled "Ecosystem as the Basic Unit in Ecology," published in the journal Science.
• Evans' work built upon the foundational concept introduced by Arthur Tansley in 1935, who first coined the term "ecosystem" to describe the dynamic interactions between organisms and their environment.
• By emphasizing the ecosystem as the fundamental unit, Evans reinforced the importance of studying ecological systems holistically, considering both biotic and abiotic components and their interrelations
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